Electronic Journal "Fórum Ambiental da Alta Paulista"
The Fórum Ambiental da Alta Paulista Electronic Journal is dedicated to the dissemination of scientific works originating from empirical, experimental, or conceptual research, resulting from studies at the master's, doctoral, or equivalent levels. Important: From 2020 onwards, articles will be published in English and Portuguese. Submissions of articles authored or co-authored by undergraduate or graduate students will not be accepted. All authors must be affiliated with stricto sensu postgraduate programs or, at a minimum, hold a master's degree.
ANAP - Associação Amigos de Natureza de Alta Paulista
Digestibility of animal ingredients for tambaqui and Nile tilapia
Objective – This study aimed to determine the protein, energy, and phosphorus digestibility of animal ingredients (meat and bone, fish, blood, feather, and viscera meals) in diets for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Methodology – A total of 48 tambaqui and 48 Nile tilapia were used, with a mean weight of 198.15 ± 3.11 g and 134.89 ± 2.22 g, respectively. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement (ingredient × species), comprising 10 treatments (five ingredients × two species), 3 temporal replications, and 8 fish per experimental unit. Originality/Relevance – This study simultaneously compared the digestibility of five animal meal ingredients for two key species of Brazilian aquaculture, namely tambaqui and tilapia, under a combined experimental protocol. This approach yielded standardized and directly comparable data, which are scarce in the literature. The practical relevance is high, as the digestibility coefficients obtained can be directly applied in feed formulation, contributing to cost reduction, improved feed efficiency, and simplified diet formulation for multispecies systems. Results – Tambaqui showed a higher apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) for crude protein in fish meal (87.20%), whereas tilapia achieved higher ADCs for crude protein in meat and bone meal (85.43%), fish meal (86.38%), and viscera meal (85.92%). Regarding the ADC of gross energy, tilapia performed best with meat and bone meal (89.69%), whereas tambaqui exhibited higher ADC values for meat and bone (82.77%), fish (85.01%), and viscera (86.04%) meals. Both species showed the highest ADC of total phosphorus in blood meal. Furthermore, the species exhibited similar phosphorus ADC values for fish meal (68.42%), blood meal (90.36%), feather meal (55.68%), and viscera meal (60.01%). In practical terms and considering a few exceptions, the same digestibility coefficients of animal meal ingredients can be adopted for both species, given that significant differences were observed only in crude protein digestibility for blood and viscera meals. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – This study provided updated digestibility coefficients for crude protein, gross energy, and phosphorus in animal meal ingredients used in diets for tropical fish. It demonstrated that, with few exceptions, mean values can be applied to both tambaqui and tilapia, thereby simplifying feed formulation in polyculture systems. The factorial design adopted herein, with two species × five ingredients and three temporal replications, ensured the statistical robustness and reliability of the results. Social and Environmental Contributions – The research contributes to feed efficiency and cost reduction in aquaculture, benefiting small- and medium-scale farmers by improving production planning and predictability. Furthermore, it supports environmental sustainability by reducing nutrient discharge and encouraging the utilization of animal industry co-products, fostering a circular economy in the aquaculture sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Electronic Journal "Fórum Ambiental da Alta Paulista" https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Influence of Boron Application on the Early Growth and Nutritional Management of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.)
Objective - This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of boric acid applied to peanut seeds (Arachis Hypogaea L.), with emphasis on their impact on seed germination, root growth, and shoot development of seedlings. Methodology - The research was conducted using a quantitative and applied approach, through an experiment carried out at the Botany Laboratory of UNESP – Campus Tupã/SP. A randomized block design was adopted, with six treatments and four replications. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multiple comparison test, with a 5% significance level. Originality/Relevance - This study addresses a relevant gap in agronomic literature by experimentally investigating the threshold between boron deficiency and toxicity in peanut crops—an area still underexplored for this species. Its originality lies in the integrated assessment of seed germination and vegetative development in response to increasing doses of boron. Results - The results showed that doses exceeding 60 mg of boron per kilogram of seed negatively affected germination. However, these same doses promoted increased root and shoot growth in the seedlings that emerged. The 60 mg/kg dose stood out as the most effective, offering a balance between viable germination and seedling vigor. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions - The study reinforces the importance of precision nutritional management in seed treatment, contributing theoretically to the understanding of the physiological responses of peanut plants to boron and methodologically to the refinement of experimental practices in seed analysis. Social and Environmental Contributions - The findings provide technical support for more efficient use of micronutrients, promoting sustainable and evidence-based agricultural practices, especially in peanut-producing regions such as Tupã/SP. The implementation of such practices can reduce input waste, enhance productivity, and support responsible agriculture.
Water treatment plant sludge dewatering using geotextile bags
Objective – To evaluate the performance of geotextile (GTX) bags in terms of dewatering sludge derived from a Water Treatment Plant (WTP)—with and without lateral constraints (LCs)—through cyclic fillings. Methodology – The research was conducted through field tests. Sludge was collected from the decanters of a WTP, and this was followed by an evaluation of the chemical conditioning of this waste with cone tests. The sludge was subsequently dewatered in GTX bags under two experimental conditions, namely, with LCs and without LCs, both of which were performed in replicates. The tests included three successive filling cycles, with monitoring of the turbidity (NTU), filtrate mass (kg), mass retained in the bags (kg), filling height and total solid (TS) content in the sludge and filtrate (mg/L). Additionally, efficiency parameters, including the filtration efficiency (FE), the dewatering efficiency (DE), passing solid (SP) rate and piping (PP), were determined. Originality/relevance – The study addresses contemporary challenges related to the treatment and proper disposal of waste generated by WTPs. In the context of the dewatering of sludge under conditions with LCs and without LCs, the technical feasibility of the use of GTX systems in confined environments, GTX systems that are subjected to lateral forces, and the use of GTX systems in emergency situations is discussed. The aim is to broaden the application perspectives of this technology, as evidenced in the specialized literature. Results – Chemical conditioning is relevant to making the dewatering of solid wastes with high liquid contents and high levels of resistances to filtration viable. In this context, the anionic polymer A110 was used at a concentration of 0.2% and dosage of 30 mL/L. The tests performed with LCs showed better efficiency, with a FE of 99.5%, a SP rate of 0.5% and a particles loss (PP) of 0. 8 g/m². Additionally, lower turbidity values were recorded in the filtrates obtained under dewatering conditions with LCs. Theoretical/methodological contributions – The study contributes to the advancement of knowledge concerning WTP sludge dewatering processes implemented in GTX systems to provide technical support for decision-making tasks related to the chemical conditioning of sludge, evaluations of boundary conditions and the behavior of dewatering with LCs, which is based on efficiency parameters. Thus, the study provides elements that can guide the adoption and success of this technology in WTPs, especially in scenarios with limited areas available for treatment. Social and environmental contributions – This study highlights the emergency situation concerning the treatment and proper disposal of WTP sludge and the search for social and environmental sustainability. Dewatering technology involving GTX systems enables the proper management of these industrial wastes and their direct alignment with sustainable development goals (SDGs), especially SDGs 6, 9, 11, 12, 14 and 15.
Water resource management, the environment, and challenges in the municipal territory
Objective - The objective of this research was to analyze water resource management, its challenges, and its relationship with the environment in the municipality of Presidente Epitácio, state of São Paulo, with the aim of contributing to environmental planning. Methodology - The methodology adopted consisted of a bibliographic survey and literature review, mapping, secondary data collection, fieldwork, and photographic records. Originality/relevance - Concern about water availability has grown, even in areas previously considered safe. This highlights the importance of studies on water resource management and environmental planning of river basins, which are fundamental for their conservation and essential for ecological processes and biodiversity preservation. Studies of this nature are incipient in the municipal territory, although the municipality is legally equipped with administrative autonomy. Results - The results revealed that the municipality's watercourses are significantly silted up and lack Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) in accordance with current legislation, in addition to not having adequate vegetation. This situation compromises rainwater infiltration and aquifer recharge, causing flooding in the urban area. In addition, it was observed that the use of water resources is predominantly driven by economic activities, and there is a lack of clarity and empowerment in municipal action regarding water management. Theoretical/methodological contributions - The study highlights the need to discuss and adopt environmental management strategies, focusing on water resources at the municipal level. Social and environmental contributions – The research results emphasize that the municipality plays an essential role in water resource management and can no longer delegate this responsibility solely to the state and federal governments.
Judicial Activism in Environmental Protection
Objective - To investigate the growing intervention of the Judiciary in environmental protection, seeking to determine whether it constitutes a legitimate defense of diffuse rights or an overreach of power. The central hypothesis to be tested is whether the Judiciary's application of law, when focused on environmental protection, represents a legitimate defense of the environment as a fundamental, inalienable right, or an abuse of power that improperly interferes with the other branches of government. Methodology - The research was conducted using the hypothetical-deductive method, based on bibliographical and documentary research, to test the main hypothesis. Originality/Relevance - The approach positions judicial activism not as an anomaly, but as an essential instrument for confronting the environmental crisis, given the frequent inertia and insufficient action from the Executive and Legislative branches. Its academic relevance is based on the need to deepen the debate on the limits and possibilities of jurisdiction in environmental protection, moving beyond the simple dichotomy between strict legality and judicial arbitrariness. Results - The conclusion is that, given the need to protect the environment for present and future generations, the activist role of the Judiciary is justified as a suitable and legitimate instrument to guarantee the effectiveness of constitutional rights and principles, ensuring the preservation of life and sustainable development. This intervention occurs mainly to remedy omissions by the other branches and to guarantee the fundamental rights linked to a healthy environment. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions - The main theoretical contribution of this work is the valorization of the Judiciary's activist stance on environmental matters, offering a redefinition of judicial activism for environmental defense by characterizing it as a jurisdictional tool rather than mere political interference. The diffuse and fundamental nature of the right to the environment demands a more proactive judicial posture that goes beyond a simplistic application of legal text. Methodologically, the work contributes to the debate by integrating the analysis of collective procedural instruments, such as the Ação Civil Pública (Public Civil Action) and the Ação Popular (Popular Action), with the theory of democratic constitutionalism. Social and Environmental Contributions – As a social contribution, the work highlights activist judicial action as a tool for strengthening citizenship and human dignity by seeking to ensure that the diffuse right to the environment is protected even against economic interests or circumstantial political majorities. The main environmental contribution is the reaffirmation of the Judiciary as an essential figure for sustainability, with the power to halt projects and policies with the potential for irreversible damage, thus ensuring the preservation of ecosystems for present and future generations.
Trends in construction and demolition waste management
Objective – This study aims to analyze the results of research investigating he use of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) as a subsidy for soil improvement in landslide-prone areas, through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Methodology – It is applied research, conducted through an SLR without temporal restriction, using the following search terms: construction and demolition waste, construction waste, soil improvement, and landslides. The methodological phases involved database search and selection, data extraction, and both descriptive and bibliometric analyses. Originality/Relevance – The research addresses the theoretical gap related to the systematization of scientific evidence on the geotechnical potential of CDW, highlighting the lack of consolidated studies regarding its application in landslide-prone areas, while emphasizing its importance for urban sustainability. Results – The study reveals research trends, publication frequency, and methodological approaches, confirming the potential of CDW as an alternative material for soil property improvement. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – This study strengthens the understanding of the use of construction waste as a geotechnical solution, while pointing out directions for future research based on more robust experimental analysis and field application. Social and Environmental Contributions – The findings reinforce that the use of CDW is an economically viable and environmentally sustainable alternative, promoting proper waste management, reducing pressure on natural resources, and contributing to the mitigation of landslide risks in vulnerable urban areas.
Germination and transplant resistance of four cerrado species from São Paulo state with landscape potential
Objective – The present study evaluated the germination, growth, and resistance to transplanting and planting of four cerrado native species from São Paulo state with landscape potential: Andropogon bicornis, Mimosa dolens, Paspalum stellatum, and Schizachyrium sanguineum. Methodology – The research adopted indirect sowing of the species in pots, with weekly monitoring for six months, analyzing germination rate, growth rate, and resistance to transplanting and planting. After transplantation, the surviving seedlings were planted in garden beds. Originality/relevance – The selection of the species was based on the criteria adopted by the Dutch landscape designer Piet Oudolf, who defined three categories for the landscape composition of naturalistic gardens: primary species, scatter species, and matrix species. By defining the species based on this selection and systematizing information on germination, growth, and resistance to transplanting of the tested species, the research expands knowledge for their incorporation into landscape design projects. Results – The results indicated that Mimosa dolens exhibited the highest germination rate, while Andropogon bicornis stood out for its resistance to transplanting and better vigor after planting. The species Paspalum stellatum and Schizachyrium sanguineum showed significant initial development but did not withstand final planting. Theoretical/methodological contributions – The study provides information for the use of native cerrado species from São Paulo state in landscape projects with a naturalistic focus, offering data to support the inclusion of these herbaceous and shrub species in nurseries, enabling their introduction into landscaping. Social and environmental contributions – The research results contribute to greater visibility of the Cerrado, the second most devastated biome in the country, helping to mitigate issues related to climate change.
Weavings and Potential of Climate Literacy, Educational Robotics, and Artificial Intelligence in Basic Education
Objective – This study investigated the effectiveness of an Interdisciplinary Didactic Sequence (IDS) in Middle School, integrating the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Educational Robotics curriculum, with a focus on Critical Environmental Education to promote Climate Literacy. Methodology – A descriptive analysis was conducted with ninth-grade students and their teacher through the development and implementation of the IDS. Data were collected from student outputs and analyzed descriptively. Originality/Relevance – The study contributes to the discussion on pedagogical innovations in the context of the climate and environmental crisis, the use of educational technologies, and the structuring of new curricular components (BNCC), proposing alternatives for intervention and curricular integration that connect territory and technology through the lens of Critical Environmental Education. Results – The IDS fostered student engagement and protagonism, which can promote the development of critical thinking, authorship, technological and climate literacy, as well as the strengthening of environmental citizenship in the face of the crisis. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – The study highlights the potential of using AI prompts and tools to mediate learning grounded in Critical Environmental Education for Climate Literacy, as well as the contribution of Educational Robotics to the construction of interdisciplinary projects. Social and Environmental Contributions – The study promoted student protagonism and the ethical use of AI to value local knowledge and foster public debate about real environmental challenges experienced by the community, positioning students at the core of both the crisis and its mitigation.
Using the TROPOMI sensor to detect atmospheric pollutants originating from forest fires moving towards southern Brazil
Objective - The general objective of this study is to quantify air pollution in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), during the period from January 2021 to September 2024. Methodology - The quantitative qualitative method was used, combining environmental analysis and Remote Sensing in relation to the availability of images, using the Sentinel-5P satellite coupled to the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) under the domain of the European Space Agency (ESA) to analyze atmospheric pollutants. As well as the processing of the images collected using the SNAP (Sentinel Application Platform) and QGIS (Quantum GIS) software, in addition to the generation of data sheets applied to the K-means clustering methodology in the JASP software (version 0.18.3.0). Originality/relevance - to contribute to the creation of public environmental policies aimed at mitigating atmospheric pollution levels. Results - The results show that CO levels of 0.0244 mol/m² on September 11, 2024 were ≈5.9 times (490.16%) higher than normal average levels. NO2 levels in 2024 reached a value of 1.11E-5 mol/m², giving rise to levels ≈6.65 times (565.76%) higher than the average levels recorded. Theoretical/methodological contributions - This study contributes theoretically by deepening our understanding of the application of remote sensing techniques in the analysis of atmospheric pollution on a regional scale. Methodologically, it stands out for its integration of different analytical and computational tools - such as the joint use of SNAP, QGIS and JASP software - and for its adoption of the K-means clustering algorithm as a statistical technique for interpreting environmental data. This interdisciplinary approach offers a replicable environmental monitoring model that can be adapted to other regions and study contexts. Social and environmental contributions - the study provides concrete, up-to-date data on the levels of atmospheric pollutants in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, strengthening the scientific basis needed to formulate public environmental policies. By highlighting critical pollution peaks and their temporal variation, the research supports mitigation actions aimed at public health, emissions control and sustainable land management. It also stimulates awareness among the population and managers about the impacts of air pollution, promoting practices aimed at sustainable development.
Caliane Christie Oliveira de Almeida Silva
Migration, reterritorialization, and infrastructure
Objective – critically analyze the process of territorial and urban formation of Mato Grosso, based on the migration of settlers known as “paus rodados” and the implementation of public policies guided by the logic of agribusiness and logistical infrastructure. Methodology – The methodology adopts a qualitative approach, based on bibliographic review, historical analysis and critical territorial reading. Originality/Relevance – The research highlights the contradictions of the current model, such as land concentration, urban fragmentation, territorial selectivity and environmental degradation, problematizing their effects on spatial justice and the right to the city. Results – The cities resulting from the process of reterritorialization and urbanization practiced in Mato Grosso demonstrate a model of territorial development that intensely articulates technique, capital and state policy, characteristics that reveal an urban configuration characterized by fragmentation, functional sectorization and socio-spatial inequality, compromising its capacity to provide quality of life, inclusion and well-being. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – By focusing on medium-sized cities that emerged along highways such as BR-163, the study investigates how technically planned productive expansion reconfigured urban-regional space, promoting a functionalized, socially exclusive, and environmentally unsustainable urbanization. Social and Environmental Contributions – The article contributes to urban and regional studies by proposing the overcoming of technocratic paradigms through a territorial rationality anchored in equity, diversity and sustainability.
Objective – To develop a research instrument with questions aimed at professionals and experienced educators in the field, with the purpose of providing a guiding material for planning environmental education projects and actions, emphasizing the theme of solid waste management. Methodology – Descriptive and exploratory bibliographic research, followed by content analysis of six articles aligned with the proposed objective. These articles served as the basis for identifying the main challenges faced in environmental education projects carried out in favelas and urban communities, as well as the methodological approaches adopted in order to mitigate such challenges. Originality/relevance – Favelas face daily lack of basic infrastructure and high levels of social vulnerability. In this context, environmental education becomes essential to promote public health, given its direct relationship with the environment. On the other hand, it is understood that there is still a long way to go to make this process effective so that real and lasting changes are perceived in the population's behavior, both regarding urban solid waste and the environment more broadly. Results – Initiatives only achieve significant impact with the active participation of residents in discussions and decisions on waste management, which highlights the importance of strengthening the sense of belonging and shared responsibility. Theoretical/methodological contributions – The developed instrument can be useful for planning informal actions or focus groups composed of professionals or environmental educators working in vulnerable communities. Social and environmental contributions – The importance of strengthening the sense of belonging and shared responsibility is highlighted so that real and lasting changes are perceived in the population's behavior regarding solid waste and the environment more broadly.
Green Infrastructures and the Architectural Design of Linear Parks
Objective - The objective of this work is to analyze green infrastructures applied to sustainable urban drainage, highlighting their contribution to mitigating urban impacts such as floods, inundations, and heat islands, and their relation to urban planning and environmental management. Methodology - The research adopts a theoretical approach based on a literature review, exploring international models and discussing the relationship between urbanization and environmental management, focusing on the application of nature-based solutions in Brazilian cities. Originality/Relevance - The study fills a theoretical gap by exploring green urban drainage solutions in Brazilian cities, considering the current limitations in the implementation of these strategies. Its academic relevance lies in proposing innovation in sustainable urban planning. Results - The main results indicate that green infrastructure significantly contributes to water infiltration, flood reduction, and urban microclimate regulation, promoting climate resilience and environmental quality in cities. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions - This study offers a theoretical contribution by integrating the concepts of green infrastructure and urban drainage, as well as proposing innovative methodological approaches for the practical application of these concepts in urban planning. Social and Environmental Contributions - Social and environmental implications include promoting more resilient, sustainable cities with improved quality of life, as well as greater ecological connectivity, benefiting urban populations and the environment.
The Contribution of Integrated Watershed Management to Resilience Against Climate Change
Objective – To analyze the flooding episodes that occurred in Rio Grande do Sul, mainly in the tributaries of the Guaíba River Basin, in the months of April and May 2024, from the perspective of integrated river basin management. Methodology – The work, based on descriptive research analyses, seeks to understand and explain the causes of flooding, and mainly, their impacts. It aims to indicate recommendations for the management of the river basins. Originality/relevance - Episodes of heavy rainfall have become more frequent in Brazil, especially in Rio Grande do Sul, causing serious social, economic and environmental impacts. Heavy rainfall results in the destruction of homes, loss of life and damage to essential infrastructures, such as health, education and transportation. The productive sector also suffers significant losses in agriculture, livestock and commerce, affecting the regional and national economy. Environmentally, rainfall causes flooding, erosion, landslides and silting, damaging soil, water, flora and fauna. The intensification of these events is linked to climate change and the lack of planning in the occupation of the territory and in the management of water resources. The occupation of risk areas, such as river plains and steep hillsides, exacerbates natural disasters. To mitigate these impacts, it is necessary to adopt Integrated Watershed Management (IWM), which considers the natural characteristics and limits of use of the areas. IWM involves robust policies and legislation, such as the National Water Resources Policy, and management techniques that promote infiltration and retention of water in the soil, reducing surface runoff and risks. Results – The results obtained demonstrate the characteristics of the area analyzed, the causes of flooding and the importance of adopting integrated watershed management techniques. Theoretical/methodological contributions – The methods used, based on descriptive and explanatory research, contributed to the understanding of flooding, its causes, consequences and possible actions to minimize its impacts. Social and environmental contributions – The analyses and observations demonstrated in the article highlight the importance of public policies aimed at the adequate occupation of urban and rural land, especially in risk areas. They also highlight the importance of developing strategies to mitigate hydrological risks in vulnerable areas, based on integrated watershed management techniques, thus protecting people, animals, assets and structures.
Public Transportation challenges in the Context of the Northwest Metropolitan Corridor of Campinas/SP
Objective – To analyze the effectiveness of the Northwest Metropolitan Corridor of Campinas/SP as a public policy aimed at contributing to the resolution of urban mobility issues in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, as well as its alignment with Sustainable Development, focusing on Sustainable Development Goal 11, target 11.2. Methodology – Exploratory with a qualitative approach. Regarding technical procedures, the research is documentary with a case study strategy. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews with managers of public institutions in municipalities served by the Northwest Metropolitan Corridor of Campinas/SP. Content Analysis was the technique adopted for analyzing the interviews. Originality/Relevance – The knowledge produced by this study can contribute as a subsidy for strategies and actions aimed at accessibility and urban mobility for the population of the Northwest Metropolitan Region of Campinas. Results – It was possible to identify that the integration between intermunicipal and municipal public transportation services becomes essential for the Northwest Metropolitan Corridor of Campinas/SP to reach full operation, however, integration faces challenges considering the difficulty of alignment between the actions planned by the government of the state of São Paulo and the municipalities that make up the Northwest Metropolitan Corridor of Campinas/SP. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – Among the theoretical contributions of this study, the discussion based on scientific literature regarding the mobility and accessibility of public transportation users in the municipalities that make up the Northwest Metropolitan Corridor of Campinas/SP (CMNC). stands out. A methodological contribution enabled by the field research was the engagement through interviews with representatives from EMTU and municipal governments served by the CMNC, whose data, collected from these interviews, were analyzed using the Content Analysis technique. Social and Environmental Contributions – Urban mobility issues have worsened in recent years due to intense population growth and new individual habits. Urban mobility and accessibility are part of the range of public policies aimed at ensuring the well-being of the population.
Objective – Urban solid waste management (USWM) is one of the major challenges faced by cities, especially in developing countries, where increasing urbanization and consumption exacerbate socio-environmental issues. In Brazil, the implementation of public policies such as the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) still faces challenges, including lack of resources, disorganized management, and social exclusion of recyclable material pickers. Therefore, the general objective of this study is to analyze the management of urban solid waste in Brazil, focusing on socio-environmental impacts, public policies, and social inclusion. The specific objectives are: (1) to analyze the main impacts of improper waste management, (2) to discuss the challenges in implementing the PNRS, and (3) to evaluate the integration of waste pickers into the waste management chain. Methodology – The adopted methodology will be qualitative and bibliographical, based on the review of articles, reports, and case studies. Originality/Relevance – The research is justified by the urgent need to find effective solutions for waste management, aiming for greater sustainability and social inclusion. Results – The conclusion points out that it is essential to integrate more effective public policies, value the work of waste pickers, and promote sustainable solutions to ensure efficient management and the creation of more resilient and just cities.
Innovations in Soil Fertilization and the Role of Remineralizers
Objective – To review the role of soil remineralizers (REM) in tropical soil fertility, focusing on CEC, organic carbon, and environmental mitigation potential. Methodology – Literature review using scientific databases (Web of Science and Google Scholar), selecting studies on REM, CEC, and carbon dynamics. Originality/relevance – The study addresses gaps in understanding charge generation and carbon stability in tropical soils amended with REM, highlighting its relevance for sustainable agriculture. Results – REM increase CEC, improve nutrient availability, and contribute to carbon stabilization in soils. Theoretical/methodological contributions – Advances in the understanding of bioweathering and mineral–organic matter interactions in soils. Social and environmental contributions – Reduction in dependence on chemical inputs, promotion of rock-based agriculture, and mitigation of environmental impacts.
Objective - To critically analyze the interfaces between urban infrastructure and health, based on a review of national and international literature, focusing on identifying and evaluating innovative solutions - such as green infrastructure and complete streets - that respond to contemporary challenges posed by climate change, rapid urban growth, and the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology - The study was conducted through a review of national and international scientific literature on urban infrastructure and health, focusing on the analysis of three complementary methodologies: (i) proposing indicators that seek to balance gray infrastructure with the demands for green and blue infrastructure in compact cities; (ii) evaluation of the functionality of urban roads for the implementation of “complete streets,” considering the functions of mobility, environment, and coexistence; and, finally, (iii) continuous spatiotemporal monitoring of quantitative and qualitative indicators that shape the health of urban populations. Originality/Relevance - The study fills a theoretical gap related to the need to integrate scientific evidence into urban planning, especially in the Latin American context, where analyses that associate urban infrastructure, health, and sustainability in an integrated and operational manner are still scarce. Results - The analyzed methodologies proved effective in guiding urban interventions that promote green infrastructure, improve urban mobility, and promote public health. Examples of successful applications of these approaches in urban and environmental planning stand out. Theoretical/Methodological contributions - The study reinforces the importance of integrating environmental and urban indicators in planning, expanding the theoretical and methodological bases for the development of more resilient and healthy cities. Social and Environmental contributions - It highlights the urgency of incorporating nature-based solutions and integrated methodologies into urban planning, with positive impacts on public health, environmental quality, and social well-being, especially in the face of contemporary climate and health crises.
Multidimensional Concept for Smart City Urban Planning
Objective – To analyze and propose an integrated conceptual model for the urban planning of smart cities, based on the articulation of technological, human, and institutional dimensions. Methodology – Theoretical-conceptual study developed through systematic review and critical analysis of interdisciplinary literature in the fields of urbanism, information science, public governance, and digital ethics. Originality/relevance – This study contributes to filling gaps related to the prevailing technocentric view in smart city approaches, by proposing a multidimensional framework grounded in the principles of sustainability, urban justice, and citizen participation. Results – The article proposes a multidimensional conceptual model, in which technology is mediated by transparent public institutions and oriented by social demands, resulting in contextualized, ethical, and inclusive urban solutions. Theoretical/methodological contributions – The main theoretical contribution lies in the formulation of a relational analytical framework for smart urban planning. Methodologically, the article systematizes references from multiple disciplines into an integrative and replicable approach. Social and environmental contributions – The proposed model supports the development of more resilient, equitable, and sustainable cities, reinforcing practices of democratic governance, citizen empowerment, and the reduction of territorial inequalities.
Eco-innovation at the Frontiers of Brazil's Economic Growth
Objective – To present eco-innovation at the frontiers of Brazil's economic growth, measured by its impact on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), and its reflections on pollution (CO2 equivalent) and the removal of these pollutants. Methodology – The study adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing documentary data and incorporating descriptive and explanatory analysis. Originality/Relevance – The study highlights eco-innovation through GFCF and identifies essential gaps in addressing the costs of economic growth via GDP in relation to environmental pollution. While these costs are often considered low compared to immediate economic benefits, they become significantly higher when public health impacts are accounted for, a crucial aspect for academic research. Results – The findings reveal a complex relationship between GDP growth, investments in machinery and equipment (GFCF), pollution, and CO2 removal during the period from 2008 to 2022. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – Eco-innovation remains largely at the margins of economic growth frontiers due to the insignificant growth of GFCF relative to GDP. This is attributed to the reduction in fixed capital investments, the lack of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) certification by companies, and the insufficient commitment of political authorities to addressing the problem of global warming. Social and Environmental Contributions – Strategies for formulating integrated policies capable of balancing economic, social, and environmental objectives are essential to promoting long-term sustainable development. These policies not only ensure society's well-being by mitigating negative environmental impacts but also foster social inclusion, economic equity, and the preservation of natural resources for future generations.
Environmental Education and Sustainability in the Installation of Recycling Points in the city of Itaquaquecetuba/SP
Objective – This study aims to analyze the impacts of installing recycling points on environmental awareness and reducing irregular waste disposal in the city of Itaquaquecetuba. Methodology – A qualitative research approach was adopted, including a literature review and documentary analysis, to evaluate the implementation and effects of recycling points in the city. Originality/Relevance – The research highlights the importance of environmental education as a tool to promote sustainability, highlighting the role of recycling points in changing behaviors related to waste disposal. Results – The results indicate that the installation of recycling points in Itaquaquecetuba contributed to a reduction in irregular waste disposal while strengthening awareness of recycling and proper material management. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – The study integrates theories on waste management and environmental education, using document analysis to understand the impact of recycling points on social and environmental transformation. Social and Environmental Contributions – The study concludes that environmental education, combined with the implementation of recycling points, can positively impact sustainability promotion and environmental protection by engaging the community in responsible waste management.
Conceptual Model to use Citizen Science as a tool to generate public policies for Preservation and Conservation of ecosystems
Objective – This study proposes a conceptual model for implementing Citizen Science as a tool for ecosystem conservation and preservation, focusing on the active engagement of communities in public policy formulation. Methodology – The research employed a systematic literature review and case study analysis to outline existing ideas and possibilities. The Vosviewer software was used to systematize keywords and guide the model's construction. Originality/relevance – The study addresses the theoretical gap related to the limited development of Citizen Science projects in Brazil, which predominantly follow an observer-based approach, resulting in awareness but limited political engagement. Results – The findings indicate that regionalizing the application of Citizen Science can foster local community involvement in problem-solving, generating relevant scientific data and insights for public policies aimed at biodiversity conservation. Theoretical/methodological contributions – The proposed regionalization and use of Citizen Science expand theoretical and methodological approaches in the field, connecting science, communities, and public policies. Social and environmental contributions – The model suggests pathways for community engagement in conservation and preservation actions, with potential impacts on public policy development and biodiversity strengthening.
Climate Change and the CO₂ Emissions Mitigation Action Plan in the Municipality of Campinas/SP
Objective – This article analyzes how the CO₂ emission reduction targets of the Campinas/SP Local Climate Action Plan (PLAC) can align with the Municipal Policy to Address the Impacts of Climate Change in Campinas Methodology – The research method adopted is qualitative, descriptive, and documentary. Originality/Relevance – The relevance of the article lies in examining GHG emissions in the municipality of Campinas, focusing on the necessary transitions identified in its policies and plans to combat the climate crisis to make the municipality more sustainable, inclusive and resilient. Results – Scientific evidence shows that global warming is already advanced, driven by human activities that emit Greenhouse Gases (GHG). Even if future emissions are drastically reduced, the effects of past emissions will continue to impact the global climate for decades. This makes it urgent not only to reduce emissions, but also to adopt adaptation and mitigation measures to minimize the impacts of ongoing climate change. Theoretical Contributions – The study concludes that cities that control their emissions, with short, medium, and long-term visions and actions to address climate crises, with measurable, reportable, and verifiable goals, and innovative solutions, are better prepared to face extreme weather events, such as floods, droughts, and heatwaves, which tend to intensify due to global warming. Social and Environmental Contributions – Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions are identified as the main drivers of climate change. Cities and industries are the major GHG emitters, and the population bears the consequences. Mitigating climate change and adapting to its effects are central issues in public policy formulation at all levels — national, state, and local.
Analysis of the Influence of Polypropylene Fiber Addition on Permeable Concrete
Objective – This study aims to investigate the influence of polypropylene fiber addition on the mechanical and functional properties of permeable concretes containing 10% silica fume, assessing their potential for application in sustainable urban pavements. To this end, the effects of incorporating different fiber contents (1, 2, 3, and 4 kg/m³) on permeability, void content, and mechanical strengths (axial compression, splitting tensile strength, and flexural tensile strength) were evaluated. Furthermore, variations in the modulus of elasticity and post-peak deformation capacity were analyzed, comparing the results with a reference mixture to determine the feasibility of using these compositions in urban infrastructure. Methodology – The study was conducted in a laboratory setting following an experimental approach to assess the effects of polypropylene fiber addition in permeable concretes containing 10% silica fume. Initially, the constituent materials were selected, including Portland cement, aggregates, silica fume, and polypropylene fibers. The mixtures were prepared with varying fiber contents (1, 2, 3, and 4 kg/m³), along with a reference mixture without fibers for comparison. Specimens were cast and subjected to tests to determine their physical and mechanical properties. Bulk density, permeability, and void content were evaluated to characterize the porous structure of the concrete. Mechanical strength was analyzed through axial compression, splitting tensile, and flexural tensile strength tests. The modulus of elasticity and post-peak deformation capacity were also investigated to understand the structural behavior of the samples. The results were compared among the different mixtures, allowing an assessment of the influence of fiber incorporation on the mechanical strength and functionality of permeable concrete. The findings contribute to the development of more sustainable and durable urban pavements. Originality/Relevance – The rapid urbanization process has exacerbated issues such as soil impermeabilization, increased stormwater runoff, and the urban heat island effect, necessitating sustainable solutions for urban drainage. In Brazil, urban drainage prioritizes hydraulic efficiency, often at the expense of environmental impacts. Permeable concrete emerges as a viable alternative, as it reduces surface runoff and improves water quality. However, its high porosity compromises mechanical strength, limiting its application in traffic areas. Recent studies have explored modifications in cementitious composites to address this limitation, such as the use of silica fume and polymeric fibers. Nevertheless, there is a gap in the literature regarding the impact of polypropylene fiber incorporation in permeable concretes containing silica fume, particularly in relation to the balance between permeability, mechanical strength, and post-cracking behavior. This study contributes to advancing knowledge by investigating different dosages of polypropylene fibers (1, 2, 3, and 4 kg/m³) in permeable concretes with 10% cement replacement by silica fume, evaluating their influence on mechanical and functional performance. The results may support the development of stronger and more durable concretes, expanding their practical application in sustainable urban infrastructure. Results – The results demonstrated that the addition of polypropylene fibers significantly influenced the physical and mechanical properties of permeable concrete. The incorporation of fibers reduced bulk density while increasing permeability and void content, indicating greater pore connectivity. In mechanical tests, axial compressive strength and splitting tensile strength did not exhibit significant variations among different fiber dosages. However, flexural tensile strength increased with the addition of 1 kg/m³ of fibers, suggesting a positive effect on the concrete's ability to withstand bending stresses. For higher fiber dosages (2, 3, and 4 kg/m³), a slight reduction in flexural strength was observed, possibly due to increased porosity and difficulties in achieving homogeneous fiber dispersion within the cementitious matrix. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – This study contributes to the scientific literature by deepening the understanding of the impact of polypropylene fiber addition in permeable concretes modified with silica fume. The detailed analysis of the material's physical and mechanical properties, particularly concerning permeability, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity, fills a research gap regarding the structural viability of this type of concrete for urban infrastructure applications. From a methodological perspective, the research stands out for its systematic experimental approach, evaluating different fiber contents (1, 2, 3, and 4 kg/m³) and comparing their effects on the porous structure and mechanical behavior of permeable concrete. The combined use of strength tests, modulus of elasticity assessment, and post-peak deformation capacity analysis provides a more comprehensive understanding of fiber-matrix interactions, enabling a more precise determination of optimal reinforcement conditions. Additionally, the results of this study offer a methodological foundation for future research aimed at optimizing permeable concretes with polymeric reinforcements, contributing to the development of more efficient and sustainable materials for the construction sector. Social and Environmental Contributions – The use of permeable concrete with polypropylene fibers contributes to urban sustainability by reducing surface runoff, aiding in flood control, and enhancing groundwater recharge. Additionally, its application can mitigate the urban heat island effect, promoting improved thermal comfort. Socially, the adoption of this material supports the development of more resilient cities, reducing the need for conventional drainage infrastructure and its associated maintenance costs. This study fosters the advancement of sustainable construction technologies aligned with sustainability principles.
Maria da Consolação Fonseca de Albuquerque
Intersections between Public Energy Management and Social Inequalities
Objective:To analyze the intersections between public electricity management and social inequalities within the Socioeconomic Inclusion Program (PIS) in the state of Pará. To use Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) as a theoretical-methodological framework to understand the dynamics of energy management and its connections to social vulnerability and energy exclusion. Methodology: Theoretical-empirical research based on IRP, with a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach. Literature review and secondary data analysis on electricity access, quality, and reliability in Pará. Originality/Relevance: The study addresses a theoretical gap by investigating the relationship between energy public policies and social inequality in a region marked by energy exclusion. Contributes to the academic debate by applying IRP as an analytical tool to assess the impact of electrification policies on socioeconomic development. Results: The PIS improved energy infrastructure and expanded household connections to the electrical grid in rural areas. However, challenges persist, including high DEC (Equivalent Duration of Interruption per Consumer Unit) and FEC (Equivalent Frequency of Interruption per Consumer Unit) rates, which compromise energy supply reliability. The program's limitations reinforce the need for more integrated and comprehensive policies that align social inclusion with continuous improvements in energy quality and access. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions: Demonstrates how IRP can be used to identify gaps and opportunities in public energy policies. Proposes a more integrated analytical approach that extends beyond electricity provision, incorporating improvements in service quality and reliability. Social and Environmental Contributions: Highlights the importance of more inclusive energy policies for the socioeconomic development of vulnerable populations. Emphasizes the need for sustainable and reliable energy access as a crucial factor in poverty reduction and social justice promotion.
Fault Location in HVDC Systems Using Multilayer Perceptron and Wavelet Packet Transform
Objective: The study aims to develop and evaluate a model based on neural networks, specifically the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) combined with the Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT), to improve fault location in High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems, contributing to environmental sustainability by enhancing the efficiency and reliability of these systems. Methodology: The research uses current data measured from the HVDC line as inputs to train the MLP model, evaluating its performance through metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Squared Error (MSE). The study simulates different operational conditions to test the model's effectiveness. Originality/relevance: This work addresses a theoretical gap concerning the need for more efficient and accurate techniques for fault location in HVDC systems. It highlights both the academic and practical relevance of solutions that minimize response time and maximize energy efficiency, thereby contributing to the reduction of environmental impact. Results: The proposed model exhibits high accuracy in fault location, significantly reducing estimation errors and, consequently, transmission line downtime. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study contributes with an innovative approach combining MLP and WPT, offering a robust method for fault location in HVDC systems, with potential applications in other energy transmission systems. Social and environmental contributions: The research highlights the environmental benefits of HVDC lines, including energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact, by proposing a solution that minimizes downtime and enhances system reliability, thereby promoting sustainability in power transmission.
Development of Technology for the Recovery of Residual Lithium from Its Processing Waste
Objective - To develop a sustainable and efficient technology for the recovery of residual lithium from waste generated during its processing, contributing to the mitigation of environmental impacts and the optimization of the utilization of this critical resource. Methodology - The research involved laboratory experiments based on flotation, chemical reaction, and washing, using different reagents, including vinegar, acetone, hydrochloric acid, sodium carbonate, kerosene, 99.5% alcohol, liquid soap, eucalyptus oil, and surfactant-containing remover. The samples were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction, and the data were subjected to statistical analyses, including variation coefficients and Pearson correlation. Originality/relevance - The study fills a gap in lithium recovery from industrial waste, considering the technical and environmental feasibility of different processes. The research contributes to the circular economy and the reduction of dependence on primary sources, a topic of growing interest in the global energy transition. Results - The results indicated that acid leaching presented the highest efficiency in lithium concentration, achieving a 105% increase in metal concentration. A positive correlation was observed between lithium and aluminum (r = 0.956) and a negative correlation with calcium (r = -0.987), providing guidelines for process optimization. The chemical reaction method demonstrated greater reproducibility (CV = 28.48%) compared to flotation (CV = 97.74%) and washing (CV = 79.90%). Theoretical/methodological contributions - The research establishes parameters for optimizing lithium recovery processes, providing insights for future investigations aimed at improving efficiency and industrial scalability of these techniques. Social and environmental contributions - Recovering lithium from waste reduces the need for primary extraction, minimizing environmental impacts, water consumption, and emissions associated with conventional mining. The findings can guide public policies and industrial strategies focused on the sustainable management of mineral resources.
Analysis of Climate Adaptation Policies in Rio Grande do Sul
This article analyzes urban planning policies and climate adaptation practices in Rio Grande do Sul following extreme weather events in May 2024. The increasing frequency and severity of these events demand an integrated approach to protect lives, property, and urban infrastructure. The study highlights the need for adaptive urban planning and private sector involvement in mitigating the impacts of climate disasters. The methodology includes a critical analysis of current policies, identification of shortcomings and opportunities for improvement, and presentation of successful cases in climate adaptation. Secondary data from official reports, academic articles, and government documents are used, along with case studies showcasing effective practices. The research focuses on collecting and comparatively analyzing adaptation policies from other regions and countries, offering recommendations to enhance local practices. The article emphasizes the urgency of implementing adaptive urban planning and fostering collaboration between the government, private sector, and communities to develop effective strategies. Investments in resilient infrastructure, sanitation, efficient drainage systems, and innovative technologies are crucial. Public education and awareness are vital to preparing communities for extreme weather events, as illustrated by the case study of Porto Alegre.
Copyright (c) 2024 Electronic Journal "Fórum Ambiental da Alta Paulista" https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The study of urban space transcends norms and urban planning, focusing on the daily lives of homeless individuals and the redefinition of the concept of public space. This right necessitates a humanized approach that acknowledges the private lives of the homeless in public spaces, where their needs and intimacies are exposed. The aim of this research is to critically examine the social structures that neglect the presence of homeless individuals and their right to public space. The street becomes their habitat, which, when appropriated, transforms into a representation of their homes. Homeless individuals form their own society with distinct norms and culture, living precariously due to socioeconomic inequalities. These inequalities stem from factors such as family issues, unemployment, and loss of housing, leading to homelessness and significant social vulnerability. Through an empirical methodological analysis and heuristic interpretation, the understanding of refuge broadens the concept of urban space, questioning the boundaries between public and private as a potential revision for public policies. The theoretical framework is grounded in the anthropology of the imaginary (Gilbert Durand), the experimentation of the imaginary (Yves Durand), mythical structures, and concepts from analytical psychology. This work is significant as it offers an alternative way to study urban space through the lens of the anthropology of the imaginary. It is expected to contribute to new interpretations and approaches to understanding the relationship and importance of citizens in urban planning and project development.
Objective: This study aims to analyze the accessibility strategies implemented by the Regional Archaeology Museum (MAR), highlighting how these actions can enhance access to cultural heritage and serve as a model for other institutions. The study seeks to demonstrate the relevance of inclusive practices in promoting equity and valuing cultural diversity. Methodology: The research adopts a qualitative approach with an exploratory and descriptive nature, using the deductive method. Data were collected through a literature review and document analysis, focusing on institutional materials, project reports, and academic publications related to the MAR's initiatives. The analysis was conducted based on interpretative approaches, considering the physical, social, and symbolic dimensions of cultural heritage. Originality/relevance: This work addresses a significant theoretical gap by exploring how accessible practices can be integrated into cultural management. The topic is academically relevant for articulating accessibility, inclusion, and cultural heritage, offering a practical and innovative analysis through the MAR case study. Results: The findings indicate that MAR's initiatives, such as tactile exhibitions, adapted workshops, and team training, significantly expanded access to cultural heritage and promoted the inclusion of historically marginalized groups. These actions demonstrate how accessibility can be effectively integrated into cultural management, strengthening the social impact of institutions. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study contributes by demonstrating the feasibility of accessible practices and their replicability in different contexts. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of inclusion as a central axis in the management of cultural spaces, broadening the theoretical understanding of the relationship between accessibility and cultural heritage. Social and environmental contributions: The actions analyzed at MAR promote social inclusion by democratizing access to culture, strengthening community ties, and valuing diversity. Additionally, they highlight the benefits of preserving cultural heritage as a sustainable and accessible resource for future generations.
The objective of this study is to investigate how the concept of Educating Cities can be consolidated as an effective strategy to promote the development of sustainable societies, integrating education, sustainability, and active citizenship to build more inclusive urban models. The research was conducted through a comprehensive literature review, focusing on the implications of this concept in the Brazilian context, analyzing projects related to education, sustainability, culture, urban planning, and citizen participation in Brazilian cities involved in the initiative. Data collection included institutional documents, official reports, and municipal materials, evaluating the social, environmental, and educational impacts of these initiatives. This study fills a theoretical gap by integrating the concept of Educating Cities with Sustainable Societies, highlighting how successful practices in several Brazilian cities, despite challenges, have the potential to improve public policies and contribute to urban sustainability. The results reveal how these cities promote sustainable practices such as the use of green spaces, efficient waste management, and the adoption of social technologies, enhancing quality of life, encouraging active citizenship, and creating more sustainable urban environments.