Periódico Eletrônico Fórum Ambiental da Alta Paulista

Incompatibility in Permanent Preservation Areas and Land Use in the Sanabani River Basin Silves-AM in 2019

Leandro Félix de Castro — 2023-02-26

The objective of the present study was to map and identify the occurrence of legal incompatibilities in land use in the permanently protected areas of the Sanabani River basin in the municipality of Silves-AM. Landsat 8 OLI imagery for 2019 was used to develop the land use and vegetation cover analysis map. The next step consisted in the digital processing of the images, using the software QGIS and SPRING. The delineation of the hydrographic channels of the study area was used to develop the map of the permanent conservation area, we used the digital elevation model of Topodata and satellite imagery available in the Google satellite catalog through the QuickMapServices extension in QGIS to create drainage lines. Land use mapping and vegetation cover were classified as forested, deforested, and water areas. The forested land class covered a total of 617.89 km2, representing 92.99%, while deforested land covered a total of 26.90 km2, representing 4.05%. On the other hand, the water areas had a total area of 19.71 km2, equivalent to 2.97%. The legally defined areas classified as compatible show that 99% of the AAs are preserved. On the other hand, the areas classified as incompatible represent only 1% and are mainly located in the south and southeast of the basin.

Composite Index for Assessment of Sanitation and Environmental Health in Municipalities of the Baixo Pardo/Grande Watershed

Karina Shibasaki — 2023-03-03

The management of services for environmental health can be achieved through the use of indicators as a practice to improve urban infrastructure. The goal was to analyze the sanitary and environmental conditions in 14 municipalities in the Baixo Pardo/Grande watershed. The following steps were carried out: i) identification of indicators, ii) structuring of an evaluation model on a scale from 0 (zero) to 100, iii) consultation with specialists using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, iv) elaboration of the index in georeferenced maps in QGIS, version 3.22. The model generated 18 sub-indicators grouped into 7 indicators. The index ranged from 21.55 to 66.72%, with 8 municipalities deemed medium health level, 5 deemed low and 1 unhealthy. In most municipalities, solid waste indicators stood out with high condition, while vegetation cover and urban drainage reached the lowest values. It is essential to establish measures and public policies to guarantee the evolution of these indicators in the basin.

Evaluation of Solid Waste Management of Municipalities in the Inter-municipal Solid Waste Consortium of Oeste Paulista (CIRSOP)

Laura de Oliveira Battistini Pestana — 2023-03-04

The inter-municipal consortium was proposed as one of the initiatives of the National Solid Waste Policy as it allows the deployment of infrastructure on a regional scale, reducing operational costs and increasing the quality of life of the population served by these services. In this sense, the main objective of the work was to evaluate the management of solid waste in sanitary landfill, selective collection, waste composting and reverse logistics for the municipalities of the Inter-municipal Solid Waste Consortium of Oeste Paulista (CIRSOP). The method consisted of the organization of the theoretical framework, the selection of the study object and the evaluation of the initiatives established by the SAGReS software, consisting of an electronic spreadsheet prepared from monitoring variables. Of the total of 10 municipalities in CIRSOP, 50% allocate their waste to sanitary landfill. In addition, there is a lack of control of working conditions in selective collection cooperatives, lack of environmentally adequate destination for organic waste through composting, lack of control of parameters for reverse logistics and the need to disseminate information in online media, as these are not fully available or updated. The study identified that the biggest challenges of CIRSOP are the aspects involving composting, reverse logistics and landfill.

Use of natural fibers in alternative wastewater treatment technologies, aiming at a more sustainable production: A review

Eduarda Bertoletti Duarte — 2023-03-08

The most worrisome issues today are the excessive production of solids in wastewater and the discharge of wastewater containing toxic components. Despite current environmental legislation, there are still difficulties in treating wastewater and properly disposing of the waste generated in the various stages of the production process to avoid inadequate and premature disposal that may pollute the environment. As a result, techniques are being developed to reuse wastewater differently, and in this scenario, natural fibers can be used to treat wastewater through an adsorption-based technique. Thus, this research has been developed from an exploratory bibliographic survey carried out according to scientific papers that used natural fibers as bioadsorbents in Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Capes databases. VOSviewer® software was used to create a cluster map to analyze the correlation between citations of selected papers. It was observed an increase in the number of research on the above topic over the years, especially in 2021. The most used natural fibers were plant-based, mostly cellulose. When evaluating the scientific contribution by country, Malaysia, India, and China were the most relevant. Brazil ranked fourth. Therefore, even with legislation on wastewater disposal and targets for the 2030 wastewater treatment plan, some countries are lagging in alternative techniques for the use of natural fibers in adsorption processes.

Removal of Methylene Blue from a residue as a low-cost biosorbent: peanut hull (Arachis hypogaea)

Eduarda Bertoletti Duarte — 2023-03-08

The textile industry is still very relevant for people’s everyday life and their production of goods, however, throughout the production chains, there are impacts on the environment, such as the elimination of effluents with the presence of dyes used in the production processes. These substances can cause environmental contamination if untreated, and the proper treatment for them is adsorption. This technique, although efficient, has a high cost, which favors the use of natural adsorbents, especially the usage of abundant residues in the environment. Therefore, this paper aims at using an agro-industrial residue, peanut hulls, produced on a large scale, as an adsorbent in the treatment of wastewater using the dye methylene blue. The Bel® SPECTRO S-2000 UV-visible spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 664 nm was used to analyze the absorbance of the dye concentrations. These data were used in the construction of the calibration curve, where the values found were calculated to obtain the adsorption capacity, which allowed us to identify the efficiency of the biosorbent. The results obtained were compared with the literature, and although the experiment had different conditions, the peanut hulls presented an adsorption capacity of 4.26925 mg/g, which represents an efficiency. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to carry out other analyses to evaluate the conditions that allow an increase in the adsorption capacity.

Nature-Based Solutions in integrated drainage and climate change mitigation projects in the city of São Paulo (Brazil)

Milena de Oliveira — 2023-03-11

The results of the floods in the city of São Paulo cause serious problems to society that tend to be aggravated by the effects of climate change. Thus, the design of urban drainage works plays a central role in mitigating these problems. Gray infrastructure is the traditional drainage mechanism usually employed. Nature-Based Solutions are alternatives to traditional solutions that value green and blue infrastructure in cities. This research aims to discuss the synergy between the proposition of Nature-Based Solutions as planning actions to face floods and actions to face climate change adopted by the city of São Paulo. In order to do so, a documentary analysis of the Drainage Guidelines and the Climate Action Plan, technical documents that address the planning of urban drainage in São Paulo, was carried out. It was found that the insertion of NbS associated with the traditional projects of the Drainage Guidelines can contribute to achieving the goals proposed by Planclima-SP, as well as bringing multifunctional benefits, generating resilience and sustainability with regard to urban water management.

Perspectives of environmental management in Brazilian fashion: a study of practices in the production of jeans

Larissa Aparecida Wachholz — 2023-03-11

This study aims to diagnose environmental management practices adopted by industries in the jeans production chain and present new and sustainable solutions to reduce environmental damage throughout the production processes. Through bibliographic research, documentaries, and semi-structured interviews, it was possible to diagnose several actions proposed by the present company to reduce environmental damage and contribute to achieving social justice. Thus, the research is significant, as the textile sector has excellent potential for achieving the SDGs in Brazil, especially when considering the growth of the world market of jeans, tied to various environmental and social impacts throughout the production process. Initiatives taken by other companies in the sector were identified, indicating new possibilities that can be adapted to the reality of several organizations to use them as a reference in mitigating environmental impacts. Regarding the company analyzed, it was observed that there is a stance on pollution control, considering the various initiatives that seek to mitigate social and environmental issues. However, it is suggested that the company has many mechanisms and paths to evolve toward pollution prevention postures or even a strategic approach, which will ensure a better performance in the implementation of new sustainable practices.

Sustainable urbanism and urban form: articulations and perspectives

Lucas Tasso Alvarez — 2023-03-12

Urban space has been a scene of numerous political, social, and technological transformations during the last two centuries. As a result of an intense process of population and territorial growth of cities, urban fabrics around the world are marked by socio-spatial conflicts, which puts them in a particular urban crisis. As an opposing view, the concept of sustainable urbanism arises, resignifying the paradigmatic urban problems. However, it is a concept of complex definition, both theoretical and, mainly, practical. With the problem based on the development of the praxis of sustainable urbanism, this article aims to discuss aspects of urban form that contribute to the applicability of sustainable urbanism. The paper uses an exploratory methodology as to its objectives and follows a bibliographical research model as to its design. Due to the association proposed, the results indicate the combination of the following morphological principles in the city as desirable elements for urban sustainability: multifunctionality, compactness, connectivity, diversity, access to nature, and definition. The combination of these principles leads to the self-sustainability of the urban space. The article has the potential to contribute to researchers and practitioners scientifically and to assist in the implementation of sustainable cities.

Assessment of the Potential for Reuse of Water in the Supply of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo

José Freitas do Nascimento — 2023-03-12

The phenomenon of water scarcity has become a global problem, which among its main causes is the growth of the population that brings as a consequence an increasing demand for potable water, which is an admittedly limited resource. São Paulo, the greatest example of inequality in water distribution in Brazil with 22% of the population and only 1.6% of the country’s surface water, faced between 2014 and 2016 one of the biggest supply crises in its history, characterized mainly by the lack of rains. The work evaluated the current situation of reuse water use in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP) and interviews were carried out with specialists in the water resources sector, forming a representative tripod that involves the concessionaire of public water and sewage services, teaching institutions that study and research the topic and civil society entities responsible for managing the water resources that supply the city of São Paulo and 17 other municipalities in its surroundings. The study identified that much still needs to be done, necessarily counting on the active participation of the public power that has the largest structure to manage and encourage the practice of water reuse, that actions will be necessary to improve the legislation, so it is important that there is a permanent dialogue around the theme so that an alternative for water supply is available that meets the needs of society and collaborates with the sustainability of the planet.

Environmental and sociocultural issues: the movie "Brave New Land” (Brava Gente Brasileira) and dialogues with students in the Institutional Scholarship Program for Teaching Initiation (PIBID – Biology)

Danielle Cristina Pereira — 2023-03-12

This work was carried out based on an analysis of the assessment made by students in the Institutional Scholarship Program for Teaching Initiation in Biological Sciences (PIBID) at the Universidade Federal de Lavras - MG (UFLA), where they presented their insights about the movie “Brave New Land” (Brava Gente Brasileira). The objective was to seek elements that demonstrate how the film dialogues with sociocultural and environmental issues, promoting addition to the training of biology teachers. With this goal, we used qualitative research that fits the content analysis, categorizing these students' common statements. We found 5 categories exposed in a frame, where we noticed how sociocultural issues stand out, however, the film brings relevant considerations about the Pantanal environment and the relationship between the traditional peoples with this place. Thus, it is possible to conclude that cinematographic art manages to dialogue and build a critical view of the relationships of the most diverse cultures with the collective and the environment.

Urban drainage of the large cities in the Hydrographic Basins of the Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí Rivers

Denise Helena Lombardo Ferreira — 2023-03-12

The intense transformation of the landscape has been occurring dynamically in the Hydrographic Basins of the Capivari, Piracicaba and Jundiaí Rivers. This work aims to perform a survey of indicators related to the drainage of some municipalities inserted in these watersheds in order to point out the relationship of these indicators among the selected municipalities. The methodology used was a descriptive approach and case study. The indicators were selected and collected in the Stormwater section of the Historical Series of the National Sanitation Information System for the municipalities of Campinas, Indaiatuba, Jundiaí, Limeira, Piracicaba and Sumaré, years 2017 to 2020. The results suggest that the municipality of Campinas slightly outperforms the others. Moreover, the analysis of the indicators referring to urban drainage in the analyzed period revealed the need for reliable data to be later used in appropriate decision-making.

Water footprint: a study on crepe adhesive tape

Bruna Cristina do Nascimento Silva Delanhese — 2023-03-12

Given the global water scarcity, the term "water footprint" emerged, which takes into account both its direct use by a producer or consumer and its indirect use. There was also a scarcity of research on this theme. The study aimed to identify the water footprint in the industrial production of crepe adhesive tape in a chemical company and analyze the environmental implications of this calculation for the production process of the segment. The methodology used in the study is classified as applied, quantitative, exploratory and explanatory. The study concludes that the water footprint of the supplies is superior to the water footprint of the production process, that is, the water footprint of the supply chain (0.34 liters/roll) is greater than the water footprint of the internal processes (0.07 liters/roll). Internally, the highest water consumption is due to industrial activities (boilers and other equipment), followed by human consumption, losses and evaporation. Although the water footprint of the process is not significant, it should not be ignored. It guides the reuse of evaporated water in the industrial process and whenever possible eliminate the use of water when developing new products.

Soil physical quality using an agroforestry system with an agroecological basis

Melissa Alexandre Santos — 2023-03-12

Agriculture based on practices aimed at preserving biodiversity and ecological practices in food production has become increasingly important and viable as an alternative to replacing conventional systems. Agroecological systems are more effective in terms of food and nutritional security demands, strengthening changes in traditional systems in the agricultural sector. Physical attributes can be directly influenced through handling and use, and should be studied. With this, the objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the soil, through the físicos dosoil attributes in an area managed with an agroforestry system. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with 4 treatments and 4 replications, namely: T1 – area managed with an agroforestry system since 2014; T2 - area managed with an agroforestry system since 2018; T3 - native forest area on the banks of the Paraná River and T4 - fallow pasture area since 2017. The current condition of the native forest system was considered as a reference in terms of soil quality, as it represents the natural condition of land use. The following soil attributes were evaluated: aggregate stability, soil porosity and density, soil texture, degree of flocculation and clay dispersed in water. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance, simple correlation and Tukey's test at 5% probability to compare means. It is concluded that the agroforestry systems positively influenced the physical attributes of the soil, mainly in the pore size distribution, aggregation and soil flocculation.