ISSN 2318-8472 Primary Area - Qualis Capes 2017-2020 Architecture, Urbanism, and Design We are pleased to inform you that the National Journal of City Management has achieved a Qualis A3 classification, as per the results released on 12/29/2022. The National Journal of City Management aims to disseminate scientific works originating from empirical, experimental, or conceptual research, resulting from master's, doctoral, or equivalent studies. Important: Starting in 2020, articles will be published in both English and Portuguese. Submissions of articles authored or co-authored by undergraduate or postgraduate students will not be accepted. All authors must be affiliated with stricto sensu graduate programs or hold at least a master's degree.
ANAP - Associação Amigos de Natureza de Alta Paulista
Development of a Framework for the Systematization of Metro Line Projects
Objective – This study aims to systematize the design processes of metro lines using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), through the development of a digital cartographic database based on public data sources, in order to support decision-making in the planning of metro lines in the city of São Paulo. Methodology – The methodology is based on the application of geoprocessing techniques to map environmental, urban, and legal constraints, such as the presence of contaminated areas, heritage-listed buildings, and building density parameters. Open data from public agencies, such as the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (CETESB) and the Geosampa platform, were used to structure the database and generate thematic maps. Originality/Relevance – The originality of this work lies in the systematization of site and route selection processes for metro lines through a GIS-based approach, contributing to a key phase in the design of underground transportation infrastructure. Results – As a result of the proposed method, thematic maps were produced, organized into categories related to station location and metro line routing. These outputs serve as support tools for the planning and preliminary design of metro line projects. Theoretical/methodological contributions – By integrating multiple geospatial data sources and constraint mapping techniques, this study offers a replicable tool for urban infrastructure planning, contributing to innovation in the design of underground public transportation systems in large urban centers. Social and environmental contributions – The methodology contributes to planning transparency, reduction of socio-environmental impacts, and the expansion of equitable access to urban mobility.
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Indicadores de Eutrofização na Represa Billings, São Paulo
Objective: To assess water quality in the Billings Reservoir by calculating the Trophic State Index (TSI) using total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) as indicators, in order to support urban planning and water resource management in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. Methodology: Analysis of secondary data from CETESB (2020-2022) for 9 monitoring stations regarding indicator quantification in samples collected during dry and rainy seasons. The relationship between TP and Chl-a was assessed through statistical inference tests, controlling for spatial variability among sampling sites. TSI was calculated according to Lamparelli's (2004) methodology, and results were spatially distributed in thematic maps using QGIS software. Originality/Relevance: The study provides an updated diagnosis of one of Brazil's most important water sources, supplying approximately 21 million inhabitants, while contextualizing institutional and socioeconomic constraints that hinder water resource management in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. Results: The reservoir exhibited predominantly supereutrophic and hypereutrophic conditions, with maximum TP and Chl-a concentrations of 510 µg/L and 511 µg/L, respectively, exceeding by up to 51 times the limits established by CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. ANCOVA confirmed that TP is the predominant factor in Chl-a variation (F=30.65; p<0.001). Sampling sites directly receiving water pumped from the Pinheiros River maintained the highest concentrations and TSI values, especially during the rainy season. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions: The integration of statistical analysis with TSI spatial distribution facilitates communication of technical results to public managers, constituting a replicable approach for assessing other urban reservoirs. Social and Environmental Contributions: The study provides an updated technical diagnosis supporting investment prioritization in basic sanitation and effluent treatment in the Billings basin. Quantification of the impact of Pinheiros River pumping on water quality offers elements for operational management decisions. The work also highlights the situation of irregular occupation (~1 million people without adequate sanitation), supporting the development of watershed recovery programs aligned with SDGs 6 and 14 of the 2030 Agenda.
Mapping and Characterization of Fires whit victims in Belo Horizonte
Objetivo - esta pesquisa investigou o perfil das vítimas de incêndio na cidade de Belo Horizonte, indicadores geográficos do local da ocorrência e as características construtivas e de uso e ocupação das edificações. Metodologia – foram analisados, através da estatística descritiva, todos os atendimentos a incêndios urbanos na cidade de Belo Horizonte no período de 2021 e 2022. Dissecando aqueles que tiveram vítimas (feridas e fatais) e confrontando estes dados com os encontrados em estudos internacionais. Originalidade – Os padrões de incêndios que causam vítimas no Brasil, especialmente em grandes cidades é algo pouco conhecido e debatido o atual estudo joga luz nos sinistros em Belo Horizonte, uma das maiores cidade brasileiras em uma perspectiva inédita. Resultados -foi constatado que foram registrados 1.371 incêndios em edificações, cerca de 62,14%(852) aconteceram em edificações destinadas à habitação, dos quais 76,41%(651) foram em habitações unifamiliares. Foram registrados 133 incêndios em edificações na cidade que resultaram em pessoas feridas ou mortas. Vê-se uma prevalência dos incêndios com registro de pessoas feridas acontecendo em edificações habitacionais (unifamiliar e multifamiliar), correspondendo a 89,47%(119). Na comparação entre os registros de vítimas de incêndios do CBMMG e DATASUS, é possível perceber que se todos os feridos atendidos pelo CBMMG fossem internados na rede hospitalar, representaria cerca de 33% do total de internações registradas no DATASUS. Quanto ao gênero das vítimas, observa-se uma sutil diferença, sendo que homens foram vitimados em cerca de 53%(88) dos casos. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas – estabelecer um panorama de incêndios que causam mortes e feridos em Belo Horizonte, trazendo dados relevantes para as políticas públicas e o desenvolvimento das cidades, de uma forma efetiva e com capacidade de repetibilidade em outras municípios é uma das contribuições da pesquisa. Contribuições sociais e ambientais – identificar as principais imbricações entre incêndios que promovem vítimas em grandes cidades, como Belo Horizonte, é um contributo importante na gestão das cidades e na preservação do bem mais valioso de uma sociedade, as vidas e integridade de seus cidadãos.
Social housing and the principles of healthy city
Objective – To assess how the Nelson Mandela Social Housing scheme (Campinas, Brazil)—composed of 15 m² “embryo” dwellings—aligns with healthy city principles and urban health promotion agendas. Methodology – Documentary and literature review combined with a field-based experience report. The “Mandala Conceitual Sperandio” was applied as the analytic framework to appraise dwelling design and immediate surroundings through the intangible elements of a healthy city. Originality/Relevance – The study advances debates on Brazilian social housing by operationalising a holistic, health-centred framework in a real-world case marked by micro-dwelling typologies and post-eviction resettlement, foregrounding intersectoral governance and social participation gaps. Results – While the scheme regularised tenure and provided basic networks, the typology neglects key health determinants: limited privacy, inadequate cross-ventilation, and ceiling heights that hinder safe expansion. The promised technical assistance for enlargement was not delivered, prompting precarious self-construction. Urban context weaknesses include sparse tree cover and limited connectivity, despite some public transport and social facilities nearby. Overall, the 15 m² units fall short of minimum habitability for diverse, often large, households, reinforcing urban inequalities rather than advancing health promotion. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – Demonstrates the utility of the “Mandala Conceitual Sperandio” for integrating urban planning and health promotion, linking local housing assessment to WHO/PAHO/UN-Habitat guidance in a transferable evaluative approach. Social and Environmental Contributions – Points to the need for integrated housing policies that couple environmental comfort (airflow, daylight, thermal performance) with infrastructure provision, community participation and intersectoral governance, to safeguard wellbeing and equity in social housing delivery.
Management of Temporary Shelters in Brazil
Objective – This paper analyzes the challenges faced in the management of temporary shelters in Brazil, focusing on the humanitarian crises in Roraima (Venezuelan migration flow, 2018–2023) and Rio Grande do Sul (floods, 2024). Methodology – The study adopts a qualitative and comparative approach, based on documentary analysis of official reports, open data platforms, and scientific literature on disaster management and humanitarian response. Originality/Relevance – The research fills a gap in the literature by critically systematizing the structural and operational obstacles in the management of temporary shelters in distinct but recurring Brazilian contexts. Results – Recurring failures were identified in the four stages of the shelter management cycle (planning, activation, operationalization, and deactivation), worsened by the absence of standardized national guidelines, lack of interinstitutional coordination, and scarcity of local data. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – The article proposes an integrated management model with sectoral protocols, a national database of suitable shelter locations, interagency communication plans, and the professionalization of municipal and state civil defense, based on international standards such as the Sphere Handbook. Social and Environmental Contributions – By outlining paths to strengthen territorial resilience and ensure more dignified and effective shelters, the study contributes to the development of more equitable, safe, and sustainable public policies for disaster response in Brazil.
Analysis of urban green spaces through remote sensing in a neighborhood of João Pessoa, Brazil
Objective: This study aims to quantify areas with vegetation cover in the Tambaú neighborhood of João Pessoa, Brazil, using NDVI and NDBI analyses, and to assess the influence and benefits of these green spaces on urban quality of life. Methodology: To achieve this objective, remote sensing techniques were employed to better understand vegetation phenology at varying spatial resolutions, supporting local urban planning efforts. Quantitative analyses were conducted using cartographic data and Google Earth imagery, complemented by qualitative assessments through site visits and photographic documentation. Results: Although the Tambaú neighborhood contains some public green spaces, they are limited and poorly distributed, restricting leisure opportunities for residents. These areas are mostly concentrated in the tourist zone along the coastline. NDVI and NDBI analyses highlight ongoing urban expansion processes, which have led to reduced vegetation coverage and diminished thermal comfort. Additionally, the lack of adequate urban planning negatively impacts quality of life, underscoring the urgent need for more integrated green infrastructure. The revitalization of the Environmental Preservation Area along the Jaguaribe River is a positive initiative, but remains insufficient. Social and Environmental Contributions: This study provides valuable data to inform urban planning and promotes an integrated perspective that incorporates both social and environmental dimensions, contributing to more equitable and sustainable urban development
Exploring Modern Architecture in Santa Maria (RS)
Objective:To analyze the presence and evolution of modern architecture in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, with a special focus on the city of Santa Maria. The study aims to demonstrate the importance of the São Silvestre Building (1967), designed by Jayme Mazzuco, within the context of modern architecture in the region and its integration with the city's urban center. Methodology: The research adopts a qualitative and historical approach, based on bibliographic review and architectural analysis. The study draws on references from international and local modern architecture, particularly the influence of the Carioca school, and examines Mazzuco’s work through a project-based reading within its local context. Originality/Relevance: This study addresses a theoretical gap by bringing visibility to modern architectural production outside major urban centers, highlighting the uniqueness of modern architecture in Santa Maria. Its academic relevance lies in recognizing the work of architect Jayme Mazzuco in regional contexts and understanding the local adaptations of modern architecture. Results: Findings indicate that the São Silvestre Building incorporates key elements of modern architecture in Rio Grande do Sul, such as brise-soleils (grilles), cobogós, and the use of regional materials. The building establishes a harmonious dialogue with other modern constructions in the city center. The research also reveals the significant professional and academic influence of Jayme Mazzuco on the development of modern architecture in Santa Maria. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions: The study deepens the theoretical understanding of modern architecture in Santa Maria and proposes a project-reading methodology suited to regional centers, encouraging more contextualized analyses of Brazilian modern architectural production. Social and Environmental Contributions: The article highlights the importance of preserving Santa Maria’s modern architectural heritage and recognizing the contributions of distinguished architects like Jayme Mazzuco. It promotes cultural appreciation and historical awareness of the urban landscape. Additionally, it emphasizes the architect's social role in shaping public policy and educating future generations through university teaching.
Correlation analysis of pathological manifestations on facades of box buildings
Objective – Identify and analyze the pathological manifestations on box buildings with painted coatings facades, as well as carry out a correlation analysis to understand the relationships between these structural problems. Methodology – The methodology adopted included detailed visual inspections, creation of damage maps, adhesion testing and statistical correlation analysis. Originality/Relevance – Identification of pathological manifestations through the execution of a damage map and data analysis using statistics, verifying their normality, representativeness of their averages and the correlation between the manifestations. Results – The results revealed the spatial distribution of pathological manifestations, highlighting critical areas and significant deterioration patterns. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – The correlation analysis allowed us to understand the interactions between the variables studied, showing that the correlation between cracking and spalling, for example, indicates that cracks appear before spalling, proving the visual analysis and serving as an early warning to residents. Social and Environmental Contributions – The detailed analysis of pathological manifestations and the application of statistical tests are fundamental to guide maintenance and conservation actions, aiming to preserve the architectural heritage and the well-being of local communities.
Occupation of Environmentally Fragile Areas and Risks to the Community
Objective To analyse the occupation of environmentally fragile areas of informal settlements and to propose minimum occupation criteria that guarantee safety and health, reconciling the right to safe housing with environmental protection. Methodology The theoretical part of the article was based on a bibliographical review. For the case study, urban policy documents were analysed. The interdisciplinary analysis, carried out using geoprocessing tools, was based on the overlap of erosion zones, soil contamination, loss of aquifer recharge and housing areas. Originality/Relevance It fills a gap in the integration of environmental and urban planning dimensions aimed at guiding urban land regularisation projects where the population can clearly identify the reasons for settling and/or relocating. Results The adoption of minimum occupation criteria, based on risk data, demonstrated the possibility of mitigating socio-environmental risks without displacing residents. The proposed measures prevent social damage and guarantee sustainable solutions for the local population. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions Highlights the importance of integrating environmental aspects into land regularisation plans. Methodologically, the use of geoprocessing serves as an effective tool for creating results based on visual evidence, which more clearly guide urban planning decisions in vulnerable areas. Social and Environmental Contributions Presents solutions that guarantee safe housing for low-income populations in risk areas and proposes measures to preserve natural resources, balancing human rights and environmental protection.
Objective – This article aims to present an urban metabolism studies critical review focusing on urban solid waste (MSW) and its available treatment methods. Methodology – To analyse and classify the relevant research the PRISMA method was used. Originality/Relevance – There is limited integration between urban metabolism and waste treatment methods; an important gap exists in studies related to metabolism and the characterization of the impacts of these methods. Results – Comprehensive studies with diversified flows were found, still having gaps in the diversification. Likewise, the scarcity of studies with contaminant analyses and several other aspects that can be analysed and used in metabolic indicators; such as micro plastics present in water, particulate matter in the air, etc. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – Several studies were found correlating metabolic flows and indicators in the context of MSW, however few studies report treatment methods. Social and Environmental Contributions – Future perspectives research are pointed out that incorporate pertinent aspects to urban metabolism associated with treating urban solid waste methods.
Objective - This article aims to conduct a design investigation on the Faial Building (1962), one of Emil Bered's works, located in the Historic Center of Porto Alegre-RS. Methodology - The investigation was conducted based on analyses of the site, considering the immediate surroundings, formal analyses that include the architectural concept and design solutions, in addition to a brief reflection on possible inspirations that guided some of the solutions present in the Faial Building. Originality/relevance - The study is part of research lines focused on heritage architecture and contributes to the dissemination of knowledge that fights for recognition and preservation within large urban centers, the preservation of modern built heritage. Results - The research allowed us to understand the main solutions explored by Emil Bered in this work, as well as the way in which the building integrates with its surroundings. Theoretical/methodological contributions - The methods applied contribute to future research, since they can be easily reproduced in other examples of modern architecture. Social and environmental contributions – The study is relevant in presenting to the academic community and society an important example of modern architecture in Rio Grande do Sul, aiming at the conservation of a heritage site and preservation of an inhabited building, but in a state of poor conservation.
Objective – Present a feasibility study and propose the application of cycle path treatment for some roads in the municipality of Tangará da Serra - MT Methodology – Bibliographical references, field survey and qualitative research were used. Originality/Relevance – There are many studies on urban mobility in large cities, but few focused on new and medium-sized cities. In this sense, the theme contributes to the debate on sustainable urban mobility. Results – The low concentration of cycling infrastructure can be seen, but there is the possibility of a redistribution of spaces that would allow the insertion of bicycle infrastructure into the urban network. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – Demonstration through images and surveys that the city can provide cycling infrastructure with minimal interventions. Social and Environmental Contributions – The findings highlight the importance of ensuring accessibility and urban mobility, proposing a mode of travel without impacting the environment
Socio-environmental disasters on Brazilian soil – is it possible to avoid them when the issue is associated with urban waters?
Objective – To discuss the issue of socio-environmental disasters, exploring their relationship with urban waters and emphasizing the importance of safeguarding water and sanitation systems in the face of climate change, with the goal of promoting healthy and prosperous cities. Methodology – Based on theoretical, documentary, and informational readings, adopting an exploratory approach that brings together perceptions, reflections, and experiences on territorial planning and urban management in the context of socio-environmental risks and problems. Originality/relevance – The study is situated in the context of addressing climate and environmental crises, tackling the theoretical gap regarding the integration of urban waters as a central element in territorial planning and in mitigating socio-environmental risks, while articulating dimensions of life, education, landscape, and socio-environmental justice. Results – The analysis pointed to the need for planning strategies that incorporate, in an articulated manner, instruments capable of responding to the challenges posed by extreme events and socio-territorial inequalities, fostering a culture of care and new ways of living in cities. Theoretical/methodological contributions – Expands the understanding of integrated urban-environmental planning with urban waters as a structuring component, providing inputs for new interdisciplinary approaches and for the incorporation of socio-environmental indicators into decision-making processes. Social and environmental contributions – Suggests pathways for public policies that prioritize socio-territorial equity, urban resilience, and the protection of water systems, promoting concrete improvements in quality of life and environmental balance in cities.
Use of recycled asphalt in mixtures for pavement base and subbase layers
Objective – This research aims to evaluate the mechanical performance of mixtures composed of natural soil and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) for application in pavement base and sub-base layers. Methodology – Laboratory tests were conducted, including grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, compaction, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) on samples of natural soil and soil/RAP mixtures, replacing the soil with 30%, 40%, and 50% RAP. Additionally, mixtures with Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) replacing RAP in the same proportions were tested, as well as RAP/stone dust/crushed stone mixtures in the ratios of 70%/30%/0%, 60%/40%/0%, and 50%/40%/10%. Originality/Relevance – The study presents technical laboratory analyses involving low-support-capacity soils, aiming to enhance their performance for use in pavement base and sub-base layers. The inclusion of different material types and mix proportions provides a broader range of performance outcomes. Results – The incorporation of RAP and CDW into natural soil improves its geotechnical properties, making it more suitable for pavement applications, with CBR values increasing by up to six times. RAP was especially effective in improving load-bearing capacity, making it suitable for sub-base layers. Moreover, combining RAP with crushed stone met the requirements for base layers under both light and heavy traffic, offering a sustainable and technically viable pavement solution with increased durability and reduced consumption of natural resources. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – This study offers significant theoretical contributions by advancing the understanding of stabilizing silty and clayey soils using recycled materials, highlighting the superior performance of RAP over CDW in terms of strength and support capacity. Methodologically, the research stands out for employing standardized DNIT testing procedures, evaluating various material compositions, and integrating technical and sustainability criteria. The findings suggest practical and environmentally responsible alternatives for use in pavement base and sub-base layers, including those subjected to heavy traffic, with strong applicability in road engineering. Social and Environmental Contributions – Considering the shortage of road infrastructure and the limited availability of natural paving materials, the reuse of asphalt waste (RAP) emerges as a sustainable solution. This approach helps reduce environmental liabilities, encourages the reuse of discarded materials, and supports the development of national infrastructure, generating both social and environmental benefits.
Prioritizing Urban Sustainability Indicators
Objective – This study aims to prioritize the most relevant urban sustainability indicators that best highlight the unique characteristics of an important urban agglomeration in the state of Ceará, based on a participatory process. Methodology – In methodological terms, this study is an applied, exploratory, and descriptive research project. To achieve its objective, it adopted a methodology based on the Sustainable Cities Program (PCS). Initially, the indicators most relevant to the urban context of the region were selected. Next, a public consultation was held with local residents of legal age who had completed elementary school, reducing the set to 20 indicators with greater homogeneity in the responses. These were then submitted to analysis by social actors directly linked to municipal management and the indicators, using the Mudge Diagram tool to determine the order of importance of the indicators. Originality/Relevance – The study is part of the theoretical debate on the importance of integrating indicators validated by society and urban management tools in medium-sized cities in developing countries. It stands out for its emphasis on participatory methodologies and the scarcity of studies that link sustainable indicators to the reality of municipalities in the northeastern interior. Results – The results point to the prioritization of social indicators, with an emphasis on health, education, and urban infrastructure, highlighting the main areas of attention for sustainable development in CRAJUBAR. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – The use of the Mudge Diagram proved to be an effective tool for organizing and prioritizing indicators based on the perceptions of social actors, reinforcing the viability of participatory methods in the context of local urban management. Social and Environmental Contributions – The study offers relevant insights for public policies that are more responsive to the real needs of the population, contributing to the construction of more inclusive, healthy, and environmentally sustainable cities. KEYWORDS: Urban. Cities. Sustainability. Indicators.
Cartography of urban floods in the Canal do Mangue basin – RJ
Objective – To identify changes in the urban floodplain of the Canal do Mangue Basin (BCM) following the completion of macro-drainage works. Methodology – Questionnaires were administered to workers in the region previously affected, using data provided by the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro to guide the sampling process. Originality/Relevance – The study examines the impact of macro-drainage works completed in 2019 in the BCM, an area historically affected by urban floods. The research contributes to understanding the relationship between structural interventions and perceptions of changes in flood impacts. Results – Respondents reported improvements in flood characteristics, such as reduced water depth, frequency, and affected area extent. However, 73% still reported the occurrence of floods in front of their workplaces, particularly in lower-altitude areas. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – The study reinforces the importance of combining empirical data, such as questionnaires, with geospatial and hydrological analysis to evaluate the impacts of macro-drainage interventions. This approach provides a nuanced understanding of urban flood dynamics and the effectiveness of infrastructure projects. Social and Environmental Contributions – The findings emphasize the need for additional interventions in low-elevation areas to address persistent flooding, highlighting the importance of inclusive urban planning. This can contribute to mitigating environmental risks and improving the quality of life for residents and workers in the CMB.
Sustainable management of urban solid waste
Objective – The management of urban solid waste (USW) has become one of the biggest environmental challenges in Brazil due to population growth, rapid urbanization, and the linear consumption model. The National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), established by Law No. 12.305/2010, aims to transform the way the country handles waste by promoting reduction, reuse, and recycling. However, its implementation faces obstacles such as the lack of effective societal participation and the deficiency of sustainable and educational practices in communities. This study aims to investigate the approaches and practices used in USW management, focusing on environmental education, circular economy, and the integration of these practices into Brazilian public policies. The general objective is to analyze the implementation of the PNRS and identify pedagogical methodologies and sustainable economic models that could contribute to the efficient management of waste. Specific objectives include (i) exploring effective pedagogical methodologies to promote environmental education, (ii) analyzing the application of the circular economy, and (iii) evaluating the advances and challenges in the implementation of the PNRS. Methodology – The methodology adopted will be a bibliographic review of articles and empirical studies on the topic. Originality/Relevance – The justification for this research lies in the growing environmental impact of solid waste and the need for sustainable alternatives that involve both public policies and educational practices. Results – The study contributes to a better understanding of the challenges and possible solutions, aiming for a more inclusive and sustainable waste management system.
Use of variables for implementing compensatory techniques in urbanized areas
Objective - To demonstrate the use of pre-selected variables to optimize the selection of compensatory techniques (CT) for implementation with greater accuracy in already urbanized areas, through a case study in Araraquara-SP, Brazil. Methodology - The study employed an applied and empirical approach based on bibliographic review and field analysis. The selected area was the micro-basin of the Servidão Stream, located in the central region of Araraquara-SP, where flooding occurs frequently. Specific variables were defined and applied to assess the feasibility of implementing different CTs in urbanized areas, allowing for the selection of solutions most appropriate to the local context. Results - The analysis revealed that factors such as the unavailability of space, feasibility of implementation in public and private areas, interference of construction works with existing activities, and the possibility of dispersing runoff discharges to different receiving bodies are crucial considerations when selecting the most appropriate CT. Originality/Relevance - This study addresses both theoretical and practical gaps regarding the challenges of implementing CTs in already consolidated urban areas. It contributes by proposing a novel set of variables that guide the selection of sustainable urban drainage techniques, considering typical limitations of densely occupied urban spaces. Its relevance lies in the practical applicability for municipalities facing chronic flooding problems. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions - The study proposes a matrix of variables for evaluating the feasibility of implementing CTs in consolidated urban areas, representing a methodological advancement. The systematization of these variables enables a more rigorous and standardized analysis in the selection of technical solutions, contributing to the literature on sustainable urban drainage and integrated urban planning. Social and Environmental Contributions - CTs provide benefits such as flood reduction, improvement of urban environmental quality, and enhancement of public spaces. Their implementation can significantly improve urban mobility, population quality of life, and preservation of water bodies, provided there is community participation and institutional support. Public awareness and social acceptance are emphasized as key factors for the success of such interventions.
A Strategic Map for Enhancing Urban Resilience Potential: An Analysis Based on the Balanced Scorecard of the Largest Textile Hub in Paraná
Objective – To develop a strategic map based on the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) to guide public policies aimed at urban resilience and environmental sustainability. Methodology – The application of the BSC to the public sector, including a literature review, legislative analysis, data collection, and a SWOT matrix to assess urban resilience. Originality/Relevance – The adaptation of the BSC to urban strategic planning, addressing a theoretical gap and aligning public policies with sustainability principles. Results – The development of a strategic map with objectives tailored to the municipality’s needs. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – To demonstrate the feasibility of using the BSC in public administration, providing a replicable methodology for other cities. Social and Environmental Contributions – The proposal of guidelines for environmental sustainability, waste management, and enhanced community engagement in building resilient cities.
Operational control and monitoring measures for water safety risks in the surface catchment of the Corumbataí River in the municipality of Rio Claro (SP)
Objective – Proposing measures to control and monitor contamination of the Corumbataí River source and surface catchment area, in the municipality of Rio Claro (SP). Methodology - The research was based on a bibliographic review and exploratory analysis of the study area with sustainability indicators and prioritization of the risk matrix to propose an improvement plan based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization and NBR 17080. Originality/relevance - The prioritization of risks to water contamination is a complementary element to the analysis of water quality. However, public managers do not adopt the Water Safety Plan (PSA) as a decision-making instrument for the management of water resources and local supply due to lack of knowledge of the requirements of Ministerial Ordinance 888/2021 or lack of commitment in public management to address the issue. The originality of the research consists in structuring a plan of measures based on dangerous events, identification of the degree of risk, objective of control, control measures and monitoring strategies. Results - Among the most aggressive hazardous events, the following stand out: the transport of contaminants by surface runoff; discharge of effluents due to tank cleaning; the existence of erosion and waste from mining operations; and the existence of septic tanks near the water intake. Sustainability indicators at unsatisfactory levels are more related to climate change than to water and sanitation, and climate resilience proves to be the weak link in this adaptation. Theoretical/methodological contributions - The adopted methodology had its subjectivity minimized by previous studies and field visits to collect primary data in the vicinity of the water intake, which is in a rural area. Social and environmental contributions – The main social and environmental indications refer to the need for reforestation and earthworks to control erosion, socio-environmental mobilization actions, water quality monitoring with discussion in society, changing the form of public management to adaptive and inclusive management, in addition to strengthening water governance as a unique criterion for the sustainability and resilience of cities.
Evaluation of Habitability and Housing Quality
Objective - The main objective of this study is to analyze the housing quality of the Águas Claras residential complex, developed under the Minha Casa Minha Vida program in Araçatuba (SP), in accordance with the parameters defined by the Brazilian standard. Methodology - The methodology is based on a case study, focusing on the analysis of the habitability parameters established by NBR 15575. The analysis centers on the habitability dimension, considering seven criteria: (i) watertightness, (ii) thermal performance, (iii) acoustic performance, (iv) lighting performance, (v) health, hygiene and air quality, (vi) functionality and accessibility, and (vii) tactile and anthropodynamic comfort. Originality/Relevance - This study addresses a theoretical gap related to the systematic evaluation of housing quality in project calls under the Minha Casa Minha Vida program, since many studies focus on economic or urban aspects, but few systematically address the technical requirements of NBR 15575. The topic is academically relevant as it highlights the need for comprehensive technical evaluations to improve the quality of life in popular housing developments. Results - The main results indicated that the Águas Claras Residential Complex fully met the criteria for watertightness, health, hygiene and air quality, and tactile and anthropodynamic comfort; partially met the criteria for thermal and acoustic performance; and did not meet the criteria for lighting performance and accessibility. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions - The study reinforces the importance of using NBR 15575 as a methodological reference for housing quality evaluations, proposing a practical analysis model that can be replicated in other housing developments. Social and Environmental Contributions - By highlighting the strengths and weaknesses in housing quality, the study provides support for the development of more effective public policies, aiming not only to ensure access to housing but also to improve the quality of life and environmental well-being of residents in popular housing projects.
Incorporation of Sustainability Criteria in the Minha Casa, Minha Vida Program Developments in São Gonçalo/RJ
Objective – To analyze the incorporation of environmental sustainability criteria in housing projects of the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program (PMCMV) in the municipality of São Gonçalo (RJ), between 2012 and 2022, focusing on its relationship with the construction industry and the principles of bioclimatic architecture, thermal comfort, and energy efficiency. Methodology – The study is based on a literature review on sustainability in civil construction, analysis of legal and regulatory instruments related to the PMCMV, and document analysis of Neighborhood Impact Reports (RIV) and Neighborhood Impact Studies (EIV) submitted by the developments to the municipal authorities. The investigation focused on five variables representative of environmental impact in the construction sector: (i) planned disposal of solid waste; (ii) adequacy of disposal methods when provided; (iii) proposed measures to mitigate air pollution; (iv) adequacy of these measures; and (v) planned actions to mitigate the increase in local temperature. Originality/relevance – This work contributes to the discussion on environmental sustainability in large-scale housing programs, highlighting the importance of regulations in ensuring the effectiveness of mitigation measures in social housing projects. Results – The data indicate that the developments analyzed are more compliant with environmental mitigation measures when these are clearly established in legal and regulatory frameworks. In contrast, in the absence of specific guidelines, companies tend to be less proactive in identifying and implementing sustainable actions. Theoretical/methodological contributions – The research proposes a critical approach to evaluate the effectiveness of normative frameworks in promoting environmental sustainability in social housing. It also presents a replicable methodology for analyzing EIVs and RIVs in the urban context. Social and environmental contributions – By discussing the effectiveness of sustainable practices in the PMCMV, the study offers insights for the improvement of public housing policies and the promotion of more resilient and environmentally responsible cities.
Dynamics of Urban Expansion in the Northwest Mesoregion of Minas Gerais
Objective – To investigate the evolution of the Urban Expansion Index (UEI) in the Northwest mesoregion of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil, between 1990 and 2020, using Remote Sensing (RS) data from the MapBiomas project. Methodology – The UEI was calculated based on the proportion of urbanized area in relation to other land use classes in each municipality. The values were normalized to enable temporal and spatial comparisons across municipalities and then classified into five urbanization categories. Spatial analysis was conducted through the creation of thematic maps, allowing a detailed visualization of urban growth trends and geospatial variations over time. Originality/relevance – The study provides a systematic approach to monitoring urban expansion at the regional scale, integrating RS data and spatial analysis with a focus on territorial management. It emphasizes the application of a specific index (UEI) and its spatial categorization to interpret urban dynamics. Results – The findings reveal significant variations in the level of urbanization among the 19 municipalities analyzed. Vazante recorded the highest UEI in 2020, followed by Paracatu and Unaí, indicating substantial urban growth. In contrast, Formoso and Guarda-Mor maintained the lowest levels of urbanization, reflecting limited urban development. The data suggest that economic factors such as agriculture, mining, and infrastructure investments influence urbanization patterns in the region. Theoretical/methodological contributions – The application of the UEI and the use of MapBiomas data demonstrate the effectiveness of Remote Sensing in analyzing regional urban expansion. The study contributes methodologically by proposing a useful tool for comparative analysis and territorial planning. Social and environmental contributions – The results underscore the importance of using RS data to support public policy formulation aimed at urban planning and the promotion of sustainable urban development, tailored to the local characteristics of the Northwest mesoregion of Minas Gerais.
Systematic literature review on indexes aimed at urban sustainability
Objective – To present a bibliometric study on indexes related to urban sustainability, with an emphasis on identifying the most relevant aspects for their development and application. Methodology – A bibliometric analysis was conducted based on scientific articles available in the Web of Science and Scopus databases, covering the period from 2016 to 2020. The study addressed the structure of indexes considering elements such as dimensions, indicators, methods of selection and normalization, weight assignment, and aggregation techniques. Originality/relevance – The research highlights the challenges involved in operationalizing indexes with more than 50 indicators, due to the lack of reliable data sources and the absence of methodological standardization in the construction of urban sustainability indexes. Results – The main findings indicate the predominance of the traditional sustainability tripod (environmental, social, and economic), with occasional additions of territorial dimensions. There is no consensus regarding the criteria and methods for selecting indicators. In weight assignment, there is a tendency toward objective methods to reduce subjectivity. Regarding aggregation methods, simple calculations are the most commonly used. Theoretical/methodological contributions – The study reveals theoretical and methodological gaps in the definition and application of urban sustainability indexes, pointing to the need for greater rigor and clarity in the processes of indicator construction and methodology validation. Social and environmental contributions – By highlighting the difficulties and limitations of existing indexes, the research contributes to the formulation of more effective and applicable indicators for urban management, with the potential to improve public policies and urban planning practices aimed at sustainability.
The management of Marine Lands and the use of space
Objective – This study aims to analyze and discuss the importance of Marine Land in territorial management in Brazil, considering their significance for all dimensions of sustainability. It promotes discussions about proposals that seek to impact the ownership and regulations of these lands, emphasizing public participation as a means to strengthen the analysis. Methodology – The article adopts a qualitative and quantitative approach, with an exploratory nature. It is based on bibliographic/documentary research, including previously published materials, legislation and government data. Moreover, the quantitative aspect is reinforced by utilizing the Wayback Machine tool to examine public engagement in discussions on the topic, supporting the idea of active public participation in the debate. Originality/Relevance – Addressing a topic currently under discussion in a legislative bill, the study explores an issue that has gained significant attention in recent years, generating controversies and media coverage but remaining underexplored in scientific literature. The study holds academic relevance by fostering discussions about the topic and its potential consequences, which could profoundly impact society and sustainability as a whole. Results – The findings revealed a strong prevalence of public opposition to Constitutional Amendment Proposal (PEC) No. 3, of 2022, with "no" votes predominating significantly in both absolute numbers and percentages. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – The study achieved its primary objective of addressing the topic through a theoretical foundation that supports the discussion of Marine Lands, highlighting the importance of further scientific inquiry into this matter. Social and Environmental Contributions – By emphasizing the importance of the aforementioned lands, the careful analysis of public participation alongside theoretical and documentary references underscores the relevance of this topic for environmental and sustainable management. The findings point to the social, environmental, and economic impacts of the issue, providing an overarching view of the subject.
The impact of implementing Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) in a central neighborhood of a large city in Minas Gerais
Urban growth and soil sealing generate and intensify surface runoff processes, which overloads drainage systems and creates problems arising from rainfall events. The objective of the work was to analyze the effects of adopting sustainable urban drainage systems in the river basin of the Bom Pastor neighborhood in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG, by carrying out a study of the morphometric and rainfall characteristics of the region to determine the flow superficial at the outlet point. They were selected from the various drainage systems; the green roof, the micro-reservoir and the permeable pavement as being the most appropriate to the local reality. A comparison was made of the volume of surface runoff generated considering the current situation and after the implementation of drainage systems. A 21.23% reduction in surface runoff reaching the outlet point was achieved, through the reduction in the volume of runoff generated by the source. The aim is to contribute to the information generated in the region and encourage the implementation of these drainage systems in order to alleviate the problems caused by excessive local surface runoff.
Comparative analysis between tensile adhesion and compressive strength in mortars produced with expanded vermiculite
In the construction industry, the performance of building elements is a pertinent topic for scientific research. Sustainability and concern for non-renewable natural resources have stimulated the search for alternative materials that have the potential to improve the properties of cement mortars. Although it is a material that is still rarely used as an aggregate in mortars, expanded vermiculite has interesting properties, with the potential to replace natural sand, reducing the environmental impact caused by its extraction. The aim of this study was to analyze, based on physical and mechanical characteristics, the reduction in environmental impact caused by replacing natural sand with expanded vermiculite as an aggregate in coating mortars. In this study, we analyzed the compressive strength and tensile bond strength of coating mortars produced from a 1:1:6 mix by volume and with 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% replacement of natural aggregate with expanded vermiculite, comparing them with a reference mix. The experimental stage consisted of characterizing the aggregates, making the mortars and testing them in the fresh and hardened state. According to NBR 13281-1 (ABNT, 2023), the mixtures can be classified in terms of compressive strength as P3 (AN100, VE10, VE40 and VE50, with strengths between 2.5 and 4.5 MPa) and P4 (VE20 and VE30, with strengths between 4.0 and 6.5 MPa). Based on the same standard, the mixtures can be classified in terms of tensile bond strength as RA1 (AN100, VE40 and VE50, for strength greater than or equal to 0.2 MPa) and RA2 (VE10, VE20 and VE30, for strength greater than or equal to 0.3 MPa). It should be noted that the results for the intermediate traits VE20 and VE30, with compressive strengths between 4.0 and 6.5 MPa and tensile bond strengths greater than or equal to 0.3 MPa, can be classified as P4 and RA2 respectively. All the mixes complied with NBR 13749 (ABNT, 2013), which stipulates minimum values of 0.20 MPa for internal walls and 0.30 MPa for external walls. VE10, VE20 and VE30 were suitable for external cladding, while VE40 and VE50 were suitable for internal cladding. In these last two cases, the mixture stands out for meeting the standard and causing less environmental impact.
The relationship between communication routes and Pombalino Urban Planning in the city of Cáceres – MT
This article investigates the influence of waterways on the urban development of Cáceres-MT, during the Pombalino period, analyzing the river as a central element in the territorial planning promoted by the Portuguese crown. Focusing on the strategic role of the Paraguay River, we analyzed how this communication route influenced the urban layout of the then Vila Maria do Paraguay, outlined according to the urban planning principles of Marquês de Pombal. The central objective is to investigate the relationship between the Paraguay River and the spatial organization of Cáceres, contextualizing Pombalino urbanism and its impact on the formation of the city. The methodology is based on bibliographical review and documentary analysis, including historical maps and architectural records, which allows a comparison between the theoretical principles of urbanism and their practical application in Cáceres. It is concluded that the urban planning of Cáceres was structured around the waterways, reflecting the political and economic interests of the Portuguese Crown and consolidating the city as a strategic point on the western border of colonial Brazil.
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In the context of climate change, many efforts have been made to avoid or mitigate its effects. Extreme weather events such as heatwaves have become more frequent and intense worldwide, causing complications to human health, besides other environmental and socioeconomic imbalances. Thus, this article conducts a current bibliographical and documental review in order to define heatwaves, highlight the use of the Heat Index to quantify thermal perception, and evaluate their harmful effects. It was found that the greatest health risk occurs in the elderly and in individuals with weakened circulatory and respiratory systems. Other indirect consequences include insect proliferation, contamination of groundwater, changes in agricultural production, the need for adjustments in psychotropic and antihypertensive medication dosages, interruptions in transportation and power supply systems, and an increase in work accidents.
Analysis of Agricultural Expansion and Deforestation in the Legal Amazon
Over the past four decades, the exponential growth of agricultural activities in Mato Grosso has led to major changes in land use and land cover. Although environmental legislation was in force, it was only in 2004 that more effective regulatory instruments were implemented to curb deforestation in the Legal Amazon. This study aimed to conduct a spatial-temporal analysis of the municipality of Lucas do Rio Verde, Mato Grosso, considering the impact of land use policies in the Brazilian Legal Amazon on land use dynamics. The time frame covers the period from 1985 to 2023, with data collected via the MapBiomas platform and socioeconomic reports from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The results indicate a significant advance in agriculture and the consequent deforestation, especially between 1985 and 1995 motivated by government incentives that promoted migration to the interior of Mato Grosso since the 1970s, offering financing and benefits to stimulate the planting of crops and cattle ranching. The analysis highlights how agricultural use in the Legal Amazon has not only altered the vegetation cover, but has also generated new legislative conflicts over the sustainable use of forests. It is therefore concluded that agricultural activities in the region require continuous monitoring and more robust policies to ensure environmental preservation, in addition to integrated management that combines economic development with the sustainability of forest cover and global climate regulation.