Revista Nacional de Gerenciamento de Cidades

Study of Mobility Patterns in Metropolitan Region of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

Janini de Oliveira Dias da Silva — 2023-06-09

The current model of Brazilian cities dependent on individual transport and the low coverage of collective systems in metropolitan regions has generated problems that make it difficult for the population to move and increase pollutant emissions into the atmosphere. This article aims to analyze mobility patterns and relate them to infrastructures and the urbanization process of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (RMC). For methodological purposes, consultations were carried out on legislation, integrated urban development plans, master plans, metropolis statute and bibliographic review of scientific works on the themes, as well as a survey of the results of the Origin Destination Research, carried out in the region in 2011 and the use of geotechnologies (GIS). After document analysis and the calculation of indicators, it was identified that the pattern of urban-spatial organization in the region presents a strong socioeconomic polarization that directly affects mobility patterns and the absence of integration of public transport systems.

Infection Risk Self-Perception and the use of Central Squares in Santa Maria City during the Omicron Variant period of dissemination.

Felipe Mulazzani Melo — 2023-06-09

The present research investigated the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, during the period of dissemination of the Ômicron strain (12/09/21 to 04/01/22), in relation to the use of public spaces. The object of study was the public squares: Saldanha Marinho, João Pedro Menna Barreto and Praça General Osório, all in the central region of Santa Maria - RS. The research used an online questionnaire, divided into four sections that presented questions about the following items: ways of using the squares, characterization of users, uses and frequency and perceptions regarding the environment. As a result, an overview of public squares use and the perceptions of its users during the researched period of the pandemic is presented. The information collected may help researchers, urban planners, and public managers to understand how the population used plazas and which factors significantly interfered with their routines during the pandemic, thus being able to better prepare for future situations similar to those experienced during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Planning as an instrument for protecting the Guarani Aquifer, municipality of Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil

Danilo Rezende — 2023-06-09

The Municipal Master Plan and its complementary Legislation have the function of determining rules for conducting the urban development of a city, so that the impacts of anthropic activities on the natural environment are minimized and the social function of the property is guaranteed. This research aimed to analyze the advances and setbacks of urban legislation in the municipality of Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil, with regard to the protection of the recharge area of the Guarani Aquifer. To this end, the initial versions and respective revisions of the Municipal Master Plan (Municipal Complementary Laws nos. 501/1995, 1,573/2003 and 2,866/2018) and of the Land Subdivision, Use and Occupation Law (Municipal Complementary Law no. 2,157/ 2007 and Complementary Municipal Law Project nº 11/2022), with emphasis on the analysis of the update of the territorial organization criteria for this area. Restrictions were added to the territorial organization in the last version of the Municipal Master Plan, however, retrogressions were observed in the urbanistic requirements in the revision of the Law of Subdivision, Use and Land Occupation in relation to the protection of the recharge area of the Guarani Aquifer.

City and nature relationship - resilience through contemporary urban-architectural projects

Camila Cesario Pereira de Andrade — 2023-06-09

The aim of this paper is to enunciate convergences between the contemporary city, the urban-architectural projects and their relationship with nature. Starting from the assumption that the city is an integrating portion of the natural environment, as a complex and uninterrupted system of biotic and abiotic changes, influenced mainly by the culture, values, customs and habits of its residents. To propose based on the project the green infrastructure system, as it enables a better quality of life, the reduction of social and economic asymmetries arising from the environmental context of certain social groups may constitute an alternative to mitigate the degradation of the urban landscape, in addition to providing environmental services essential to the cities’ sustainability.

The Impacts of Popular Participation in the Urban Landscape: A Case Study in Lorena, SP.

Gabriela Katie Silva Morita — 2023-06-09

Despite being an intrinsic factor in people's daily lives, active mobility still presents itself as a challenge in the model of Brazilian cities due to the lack of adequate and inviting structure for walking. This case study was carried out in a city located in the countryside of the State of São Paulo, with the purpose of enabling a higher quality in walking, reinforcing walkability and the importance of more sustainable modes of transportation, fostering urban vitality and reactivating neglected areas by promoting a network articulation to develop sustainable initiatives. In this way, it seeks to highlight the importance of popular participation in the construction and requalification of urban public spaces, not only in terms of displacement, but also in the occupation of idle spaces through the use of methods and tools, such as tactical urbanism, which proposes interventions in the city in the context of the micro scale, from short-term solutions, low cost and multipliable. The study presents the challenges and the results of the project, arising from the collection and systematization of data, and from the collective construction and continuous appropriation of space by the population.

On the origin of garden cemeteries in the West and references in the conformation of the first model in Brazil

Aline Silva Santos — 2023-06-09

Garden cemeteries are found in many cities in Brazil and are an integral part of the system of urban open spaces and, therefore, fundamental elements in landscape planning, mainly due to their size. This article aims to investigate some of the first garden-cemetery models implemented in the West and the principles that were adopted in the first garden cemeteries built in Brazil. Using a systematic literature review, iconographic analysis, fieldwork and interviews, it was identified that one of the first garden cemeteries implanted in Brazil was the Cemitério da Paz, in São Paulo (SP), dating back to 1965, in which references were found mainly for lawn cemeteries and memorial parks in the USA from the mid-19th and early 20th centuries.

Municipal Plan for Integrated Solid Waste Management (MPI-SWM) in the state of Piauí: A portrait of Coastal Cities

Helder Araujo de Carvalho — 2023-06-09

The PMGIRS is an important instrument of the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) that articulates the management of municipal waste with the state plan and the latter, in turn, dialogues with the national plan. It is through the evaluation of the PMGIRS that the municipal manager detects whether the plan meets the requirements of the PNRS and which local actions (municipal scope) have been successful towards the goals of the municipal plan. The objective was to evaluate the PMGIRS of the coastal cities of Piauí, according to what the PNRS prescribes. To meet the objective, we used the instrument for this purpose, which is composed of twenty-one indicators and four indices. The indicators of the municipalities were mostly evaluated as bad and with rates below the recommended by the literature. In general, the instrument's indicators point to the difficulty of municipalities in complying with what the PNRS recommends. The study brings theoretical and managerial contributions. In the theoretical field, it broadens the understanding of the situation of coastal municipalities, part of the tourist route made up of three states, belonging to an environmental protection area, located in the northeast of Brazil, in relation to the local management of their waste. In the managerial field, the findings serve as a subsidy for the PMGIRS review and as an indicator, at the state level, for the formulation of actions that mobilize managers to prepare the local plan and/or encourage them to create intermunicipal consortia with a focus on the destination adequate waste.

Keywords: Waste. Cities. National Solid Waste Policy.

Urban expansion, subnormal agglomerations and provision of sanitation services: a case study of the Metropolitan Region of Belém

Caio Cezar Ferreira de Souza — 2023-08-05

The process of urban growth in Brazil remains accelerated and presents a wide variety of realities. In this article, we aim to analyze the urban expansion in the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB), verifying whether it occurred intensively or extensively, and whether this expansion was accompanied by an increase in subnormal agglomerations and the provision of sanitation services. The methodology was based on the elaboration of land use and occupation maps in the urban area of the RMB and on obtaining data referring to subnormal agglomerations and the scope of basic sanitation services, made available by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The results showed that the RMB had more extensive urban expansion in the 1990s, with a smaller expansion between 1999 and 2017. However, the coverage of basic sanitation services did not follow this expansion process and in the spaces inserted by the expansion process subnormal clusters were concentrated.

Final Disposal of Urban Solid Waste and the Generation of Greenhouse Gases in the State of Pará

Fernando Felipe Soares Almeida — 2023-08-18

This paper presents the a study about the emission of greenhouse gases - GHG resulting from the final disposal of urban solid waste - USW in the State of Pará. The research was qualitative and quantitative, applied in nature and with exploratory and descriptive objectives, having as object of study the solid waste sector in the State of Pará. The activities carried out were divided into 3 stages, with the verification of the amount of GHG emissions in the State of Pará (Stage 1), the contribution of the sectors responsible for the state's emissions (Stage 2) and the analysis of GHG emissions in the USW sector (Stage 3). The survey results show that Pará is the state that emits the most GHG in Brazil (447,927,368 tons of CO2e). Although the USW sector accounts for only 1% of GHG, it was found that 138 of the 144 municipalities in Pará still send USW to dumps and controlled landfills. With the research, it was verified the need to adapt the environmentally-appropriate final destination of USW, as an alternative to reduce GHG emissions in the State of Pará.

Characterization of an urban area in the legal Amazon using Local Climate Zones (LCZ)

Ana Carolina Bispo Dantas Moura — 2023-12-06

The growth of agricultural production and the internalization of the industrial sector has led to a significant increase in the populations of small and medium-sized towns in the Midwest region of Brazil. This movement increases the demand for a built environment and promotes the anthropization of the landscape in these cities, altering the ecosystem in general, but especially the local microclimate. This study therefore aims to map and classify the urban perimeter of the municipality of Nova Mutum, located in the north of the state of Mato Grosso, using the Local Climate Zones (LCZ) methodology. To this end, the area studied was divided into 500x500 meter quadrants, which, using satellite images made available, by Google Earth Pro, were analyzed individually, taking into account elements such as densification, land cover and verticalization. Once the existing zones in the study area had been identified, a Climate Zones map was generated, which was analyzed and cross-referenced with data from the municipal urban legislation. As a result, the municipality has an urban perimeter considerably larger than the area occupied by the urban network, so that a large part of the perimeter is occupied by agricultural production, classified as LCZ D, with herbaceous vegetation. In addition, the municipality already has areas of verticalization and medium-sized densification, mainly in the central zones, which requires attention from the public authorities and local urban planning due to the generation of urban heat islands.

Riverside Communities: socio-spatial aspects along the Tapajós River

Rosana Lia Ravache — 2023-12-06

This essay presents a reflection on the negative consequences that have been affecting riverside communities on the Tapajós River resulting from the transport of commodities on barges. Faced with situations that are as or more harmful to the survival of the riverside population, space was opened to analyze other harmful actions that are substantially affecting the indigenous population, due to the increase in the movement of vessels to meet the demand of agribusiness which, in some way, encourages the criminal transport of wood, resulting from illegal deforestation and contributes to the flow of gold, produced mainly by illegal mining, in addition to the drug trafficking movement, facilitated by streams that disorient control systems and transform the Amazon basin into a transshipment area to give flow to cocaine produced in neighboring countries. The dichotomy that exists today in the context of Amazonian territorial planning justifies the interest in researching how these riverside communities have survived, circumstantially removed from their habitat in socioeconomic conditions that are not favorable to the adaptations imposed by capital. Thus, it is being discussed, objectively, human actions aimed at mitigating the damage that has been caused in the areas covered by Lower Tapajós.