Revista Nacional de Gerenciamento de Cidades

Fonte Grande Park & Gruta da Onça in Vitória - ES: history, preservation and conservation

Luciana Nemer — 2023-02-27

The paper presents the history of Parque da Fonte Grande and Gruta da Onça in Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, reporting their stories, creations, preservation and conservation actions. The research reaches the present day describing its uses and purposes. The text also discusses how the creation process of the National Parks took place. In the methodology, queries in secondary sources stand out (books, book chapters and course completion works), municipal and federal documents were also examined, in addition to iconographic and cartographic research carried out in the Municipal Archive of Vitória and also field trips with interviews. The results describe the evolution of both, their functions, interventions and participation in the life of the city. The conclusions highlight how much the parks, as geographic elements, attributed challenges, scenic beauty and awakened the population and the state and municipal governments for environmental education actions, appreciation and preservation of the natural landscape heritage.

Emerging rurality: rethinking the city based on valuation of the urban-rural

Emanuela Alves da Rocha — 2023-02-27

The development of urban and rural environment concepts pervades landscape characteristics and the dichotomous relationship between these areas. The urban and rural understandings are related to their economic, industrial, and agrarian activities to the city and countryside, respectively. Thus, the urban-rural duality departs the notion of a city that includes multiple environments and induces both an erasure of the ecosystem logic of humans and nature relations and consideration of humans as part of its decrease. In that regard, aspects connected with the dynamic of products and services store, such as water and food provisions, have unstuck from their origins which trivializes the process of production, supply, and consumption. Furthermore, a discussion between urban and rural must consider several points, including food sovereignty, agribusiness, land access inequality, local and regional territorial articulation, and climate. Based on a bibliographic review of academic articles published in journals, periodicals and events, this article intends to ponder these aspects in defence of an idea of urban-rural interdependence from the conception of the urban revolution and the urban phenomenon concept. Besides, this study seeks to strengthen the debate on consolidated and conflicted territorial practices aimed to rethink new public policies toward a more integrated and less unequal territory.

Cultural Heritage and the Base Nacional Comum Curricular: approaches between Heritage Education and the curricular guidelines for Elementary School (Early Years) in the recognition and safeguarding of local culture

João Gonçalves Neto — 2023-03-04

This article discusses a possible approach between the debate on identity issues in the expanded field of Cultural Heritage, with Heritage Education as a space for action, and the guidelines on the appreciation of local culture present in the structuring of the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) - special attention is devoted to the guidelines of Primary Education – Early Years. The theme can contribute to the construction of critical thinking on citizenship, popular participation, and formation of local identities, considering the relationship between present and past, rescue of memories, feelings of belonging, and identification of cultural references, thus preserving them. Access to the field of heritage ensures educational equity and respect for diversity with theoretical and practical foundations through reflections on Heritage Education, an area of education that must be in constant dialogue due to the experiences and perceptions of educators and students. The article compares the texts present in the BNCC with the theoretical productions on Cultural Heritage and Heritage Education through a literature search, identifying possible paths of educational actions towards inventorying and preserving cultural references of communities located in time and space. It also contributes to a broader discussion on the way Cultural Heritage and Heritage Education are cited in Brazilian official documents via the proposed approach.

Between “Glórias”: Landscapes of Forgetting in Glória Neighborhood — Rio de Janeiro

Domitila Almenteiro — 2023-03-04

The article looks at everyday public open spaces and the different forms of their appropriation in the surroundings of the short wall located in the neighborhood of Glória, in Rio de Janeiro, through a multiscale landscape analysis that identified the short wall as a landscape structuring element. The short wall is a vestige of the past, driving the ‘displacement’ and forgetting of the Guanabara Bay, while also being a remembrance of the place’s bygone waters and histories. It also works as a physical limit that conforms different spaces, occupied mainly by social groups formed by workers, transvestites and homeless people who make these spaces their place of living, working and resisting, but even so continue to be “forgotten” by society and the government. This text results from the author’s Master’s research at the UFRJ Post-graduate Program in architecture, and from her personal experiences in the neighborhood of Glória. By identifying different landscape units, evaluation criteria were defined and divided into five perspectives, making it possible to characterize the territory through different aspects that shed light on the intangible dimensions of the landscape, particularly its conflicts and contradictions. The results are presented in maps and section cuts, and summarized in an analytical chart.

Dispersed urban development and the formation of urban voids in Bauru (SP) in the second half of the 20th century

Ana Luiza Favarin de Camargo — 2023-03-04

This paper examines the urbanization process in the municipality of Bauru (SP), focusing the analysis on the phenomenon of urban voids and taking as a time frame the second half of the 20th century. Urban voids are urban remainders, idle or underutilized areas, products of urban dispersion and real estate speculation that enhance the discontinuous, dispersed, fragmented and sparse urbanization, a pattern that has also come to characterize medium-sized cities in São Paulo. Based on the general characterization of Brazilian urbanization in this period, the preliminary analysis of the study object allows us to infer that, in Bauru, at the peak of the development cycle in Brazil, the dissemination of urban voids is directly related, on the one hand, to the action of the real estate market and, on the other hand, to the permissiveness of urban planning and the incentives provided by public authorities, including the significant state provision of housing on the fringes of the urban territory.

Walkability and accessibility around the Unified Educational Centers of São Paulo

Christiane Shashiki — 2023-03-08

The objective of this article is to draw a brief analysis of the walkability and accessibility of the immediate surroundings of some Unified Educational Centers (CEUs) in São Paulo, through the available information on Geosampa and Google Maps websites, related to enrollments in the municipal network in São Paulo. When evaluating the walkability and accessibility in the immediate surroundings of some CEUs in São Paulo, the contrast between the implantation so generous and inviting for the environments inside the CEU and the maintenance of the existing pattern of exclusion of space for the pedestrian’s circulation in its immediate surroundings becomes clear, leading to an invitation to reflect about how we can try to improve walkability in terms of accessibility and safety.

Disposal and reuse of residuals produced at Water Treatment Plants in the Paraíba do Sul River basin

Monick da Silva Dutra — 2023-03-11

Population growth increases demand for potable water, which increases the generation of residuals at the Water Treatment Plants (WTPs). During its treatment, water needs to undergo a series of processes that create residuals that must be well managed to avoid environmental impacts. This study analyses the residuals generated at the Paraiba do Sul River basin. We consulted more than 70 documents to identify the plants located in 57 municipalities along the basin. The plants were classified according to the type of water treatment used. We mapped four possible ways to reuse and dispose the residuals in an environmentally friendly way at nurseries, ceramic industries, Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs), and landfills. The results indicate that from the total of WTPs found in the basin, more than 90% produce some waste and that only 7% treat them accordingly. We located more than 200 places as alternative sites for the residuals. From the municipalities analysed, more than 80% could reuse or correctly dispose such residuals when considering at least one of the solutions provided.

Noise Pollution Evaluation at UFPR’s Jardim Botânico Campus in Pandemic Times

Igor Santiago de Castro Vasconcelos — 2023-03-11

This study aimed to evaluate the noise pollution on the Jardim Botânico campus of the Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), in the municipality of Curitiba-PR, during the Coronavirus pandemic (SARS-CoV-2). The evaluation included comparing the acoustic measurements and statistical analysis of the data measured in the field with measurements taken before the pandemic by Vieira (2018). Therefore, the study aimed to identify whether there was a significant impact on the acoustic conditions in the area studied due to the restrictive measures imposed to address the public health emergency. The methodological procedures were based on characterizing the study area, defining the sampling points, collecting data in the field, evaluating the noise pollution according to NBR 10.151/2020 standards and Curitiba Municipal Law 10.625/2002, and statistical analysis of the data. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify normality. The relationship between the noise levels before and during the pandemic was evaluated using analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test, with a 0.05 significance level (α). The results and discussions address the values obtained and scored in the locations where the values exceeded the tolerance limit, denoting the possible causes and solutions for noise control according to the literature. We concluded that none of the points evaluated presented sound pressure levels within the limit recommended by NBR 10151/2020, indicating a noise pollution situation at the campus. The pandemic affected the minimum and average values, which were lower when compared to those recorded before the pandemic (p<0.05). At the same time, the maximum level (Lmax) values were similar to each other (p>0.05).

São Carlos: from urban formation to the arrival of the railway

Marina Biazotto Frascareli — 2023-03-24

This article discusses the origin of the urban nucleus of São Carlos-SP, as well as the importance of the insertion of the railroad for socioeconomic development and for urban transformations of the municipality. The problem originates from the dismantling of rail transport that has its central urban equipment converted into spaces without specific destination. In this sense, the text develops a historiographical understanding, through a bibliographical research, about the municipality of São Carlos-SP: from its embryonic period (1857) to the insertion of the railroad (1880) followed by its apogee and decline.

Covid-19's lessons for standard building design: Proinfância daycare centers

Andréa dos Reis Fontes — 2023-04-14

The Covid-19 pandemic brought changes in the behavior of society, with the suspension of several activities, among them the access of children to schools. This study has as main objective the analysis of the daycare spaces of the Proinfância program regarding the attendance of environmental comfort, dimensioning and salubrity, considering the set of issues brought by the pandemic. To achieve this purpose, analyses were made of the type C Proinfância building, project used in the construction of the school unit chosen as case study: the Unidade Municipal de Educação Infantil Profª Júlia Maria de Almeida Oliveira, in the city of Lagarto, Sergipe. The secondary objectives are: to analyze the specificities of the implementation of this standard building in Lagarto and to analyze the post-occupancy condition during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. The methodological approach of the study is quali-qualitative type, applied on documents provided by the Proinfância website and complemented by case study, with detailing of techniques and procedures to achieve the proposed objectives. The study explores the POE methodology (Post-Occupancy Evaluation) for the object of study, selecting the universe of tools to be applied. These are: walkthrough analysis, study of recommendations and technical analysis by the researcher.

Walkthrough Analysis by the Green Areas of Encosta Norte Housing Complex, Itaim Paulista, São Paulo

Franklin Roberto Ferreira de Paula — 2023-04-15

This article aims to explore the green areas of the Encosta Norte Housing Complex, located in the Itaim Paulista district, East Zone 2 of the city of São Paulo, in order to figure out how the local community perceives those spaces from the identification of existing weaknesses and potentialities, as well as to recall the indications of wishes for improvements in its extensions. In addition to the technical field visits to the territory, some activities with the residents and other local agents were proposed as a methodology for the construction of this cartography. The methodological instrument applied to the population was the walkthrough analysis, or route-interview, that took place on 09/17/2022, aiming to record, through notes, audio recordings and photographs, the perceptions of the community about the inhabited place. The achieved results demonstrate that the participants of the activity relate to the place through affective memories of how the territory used to be, just before the urbanization process that began to be implemented in the mid-1980s. Some problems such as lack of maintenance of open spaces and springs and water courses were also pointed out as weaknesses. The researchers, proponents of the dynamics, reinforce the potential of transforming these available public areas belonging to CDHU as a strategy for the requalification of the area and for the improvement of the quality of life of local population.

Popular commerce and the urban landscape

Pablo Corrêa Lima — 2023-04-30

This article covers the theme of popular commerce related to the urban landscape of cities, highlighting the need to recognize this type of economy that is important in the dynamics of occupation and living in urban centers, for the generation of income for economically disadvantaged classes and the diversity of products and services. The objective of this research is to analyze how popular commerce can be identified and considered as an important element in the construction of the urban landscape by individuals. The methodology used was a literature review on popular commerce and its characteristics and on the definitions of an urban landscape, then analysis was carried out of how popular commerce can be inserted in the urban landscape and how it can change it, from the conflicts between urban agents. In the end, we can identify that popular commerce is still seen with some prejudice, as it is culturally associated with issues of informality, marginality, and “dirtiness” in urban centers. Generating the feeling that this type of commerce is not considered by many individuals in the imagery construction of urban landscapes.

A journey through pedestrian mobility and the sustainable city: discussing walkability

Gabriel Lincoln Lopes Carvalho — 2023-04-30

The form of the built environment, walkability, and society are directly related, being points that influence not only mobility but several structural areas of a city, ranging from its social dynamics as well as the health of individuals, local and global politics, economy, comfort, safety, the identity of spaces, attractiveness and several other influencing factors. The perception of passers-by is influenced by several aspects, such as lighting, sense of safety, the width of sidewalks, attractiveness of facades and of the public space itself, as well as the potential of the space to promote social interaction, which is one of the essential focuses of contemporary urban planning. This research has the general objective of listing the essential factors when analyzing the walkability of spaces, discussing the aspects of the form of the built environment that favors walkability, thus expressing concepts, indexes, methods, and studies that enable and contextualize pedestrian mobility and its relationship with users, urban form and its potentials. As a methodological contribution, bibliographic review research was used, using studies already done in the thematic axes to systematize and generate the result that meets the objectives of the work. Therefore, a dynamic portrait was obtained concerning walkability and its multisystemic relations with the city, as well as applications in techniques and methods of urban studies.

Environmental legislation and the importance of urban afforestation in the municipality of Campo Grande - Mato Grosso do Sul

Soraya Saab — 2023-05-09

The Federal Constitution of 1988 established the decentralization of competence to legislate on the environmental issue, and, consequently, the competence of the municipality to legislate on the environment, including the issue of urban afforestation. The objective of this article is to analyze urban afforestation, based on the legislation that deals with the subject, diagnosing the main problems derived from inadequate afforestation, either by choosing the wrong species or by the lack of maintenance and monitoring of the chosen seedlings. In this context, we also sought to verify the role played by the municipality in order to avoid the impacts caused by inadequate afforestation. It was concluded that, despite the importance of protecting the artificial environment and the existence of a vast legal apparatus available for the implementation of urban afforestation, the legislation is not fully effective, lacking in important technical aspects, which ends up leaving it to subjective criteria the implementation of afforestation, including respect for the tree species to be used.

The social inclusion of waste pickers and the adoption of energy recovery using municipal solid waste as a raw material

Alexandre Sylvio Vieira da Costa Costa — 2023-05-13

Brazil produces more than 79 million tons of municipal solid waste per year, and around 1 million waste pickers work in the recovery of this waste. Brazilian law provides for the social inclusion of these workers with a leading role in waste management. The legislation makes it possible to recover energy from waste, but there is resistance from waste pickers, as these technologies can consume materials that are of value to pickers, such as paper, fabrics and plastics. Based on a bibliographic survey, it is intended to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomena involving the modernization of waste management and the social inclusion of waste pickers.