Level of Traffic Stress, Urban Pavement Service Index, and road slope combined for the evaluation of a 5-, 10- or 15-minute Neighborhood
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17271/n47fr258Keywords:
Cycling, Active Transport, Sustainable Urban MobilityAbstract
Objective – Develop a road segment quality index by combining LTS, ISU, and road slope to assess the feasibility of "X-minute neighborhoods" (XmN) from a cycling perspective.
Methodology – The index was applied in a case study conducted in the Cidade Jardim neighborhood (São Carlos-SP, Brazil), involving the georeferencing and scoring of 77 bicycle Trip Attractors (TAs).
Originality/Relevance – Proposes a novel approach to cycling infrastructure assessment integrated with the XmN concept, still underexplored in Brazilian urban contexts.
Results – The neighborhood shows strong potential to become a 10mN or 15mN, despite some poor road conditions.
Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – Introduces a new composite index for evaluating cycling infrastructure, combining key technical variables for urban planning.
Social and Environmental Contributions – Provides input for public policies that promote sustainable transportation and equitable distribution of essential urban services.
References
AASHTO – AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION. Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities. 3. ed. Washington D.C.: AASHTO, 1999. 78 p.
ABDELFATTAH, L.; DEPONTE, D.; FOSSA, G. The 15-minute city: interpreting the model to bring out urban resiliencies. Transportation Research Procedia, v. 60, p. 330-337, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.12.043
ANTP – ASSOCIAÇÃO NACIONAL DE TRANSPORTES PÚBLICOS. Relatório Geral 2017. Brasília, DF, 2020. 125 p. Disponível em: http://files.antp.org.br/simob/sistema-de-informacao-de-mobilidade-urbana-da-antp--2017.pdf. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2025.
AUSTROADS. Cycling Aspects of Austroads Guides. 2. ed. Sydney: Austroads Ltd., 2014. 177 p.
BOCCA, A. et al. Public space and 15-minute city: A conceptual exploration for the functional reconfiguration of proximity city. TeMA, v. 14, n. 3, p. 395-410, 2021. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/8062
BRASIL. Lei nº 12.587, de 3 de janeiro de 2012. Institui as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Mobilidade Urbana. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, DF, 4 jan. 2012. Seção 1, p. 1.
BRASIL. Lei nº 13.724, de 4 de outubro de 2018. Institui o Programa Bicicleta Brasil. Diário Oficial da União, Brasília, DF, 4 jan. 2018. Seção única, p. 1.
BÜTTNER, B. et al. Mapping of 15-minute City Practices Overview on strategies, policies and implementation in Europe and beyond. 2024. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383658659_Mapping_of_15-minute_City_Practices_Overview_on_strategies_policies_and_implementation_in_Europe_and_beyond. Acesso em: 5 out. 2025.
C40 CITIES CLIMATE LEADERSHIP GROUP. C40 Mayors’ Agenda for a Green and Just Recovery. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.c40knowledgehub.org/s/article/C40-Mayors-Agenda-for-a-Green-and-Just-Recovery?language=en_US. Acesso em: 17 dez. 2024.
CHIARADIA, F. et al. The 15-Minute City: Na Attempt to Measure Proximity to Urban Services in Rome. Sustainability, v. 16, n. 21, p. 9432, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219432
EMBRAPA – EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA. Serviço Nacional de Levantamento e Conservação de Solos. Reunião Técnica de Levantamento de Solos, n. 10. Rio de Janeiro, 1979. 83 p.
FERRER-ORTIZ, C. et al. Barcelona under the 15-minute city lens: Mapping the accessibility and proximity potential based on pedestrian travel times. Smart Cities, v. 5, n. 1, p. 146-161, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5010010
FURTH, P. G.; MEKURIA, M. C.; NIXON, H. Network connectivity for low-stress bicycling. Transportation Research Record, v. 2587, p. 41-49, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3141/2587-06
GAGLIONE, F. et al. Urban accessibility in a 15-minute city: a measure in the city of Naples, Italy. Transportation Research Procedia, v. 60, p. 378-385, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.12.049
IBGE – INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA. Censo Demográfico Nacional 2022 [Data set]. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2022. Disponível em: https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/sociais/populacao/22827-censo-demografico-2022.html. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2025.
INPE – INSITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS. Topodata: banco de dados geomorfométricos do Brasil [Data set]. São José dos Campos: INPE, 2008. Disponível em: http://www.dsr.inpe.br/topodata/acesso.php. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2025.
KAMRUZZAMAN, L. Typologies of 20-minute neighbourhoods, active transport use, and spatial spillovers. Findings, 2022. https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.33158
KHAVARIAN-GARMSIR, A. R.; SHARIFI, A.; SADEGHI, A. The 15-minute city: Urban planning and design efforts toward creating sustainable neighborhoods. Cities, v. 132, p. 104101, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.104101
LU, M.; DIAB, E. Understanding the determinants of x-minute city policies: A review of the North American and Australian cities’ planning documents. Journal of Urban Mobility, v. 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urbmob.2022.100040
MCNEIL, N. Bikeability and the 20-min Neighborhood: How Infrastructure and Destinations Influence Bicycle Accessibility. Transportation Research Record, v. 2247, p. 53-63, 2011. https://doi.org/10.3141/2247-07
MEKURIA, M. C.; FURTH, P. G.; NIXON, H. Low-Stress Bicycling and Network Connectivity. Mineta Transportation Institute, Report 11-19. Mineta, 2012. 84 p. Disponível em: https://nacto.org/wp-content/uploads/1005-low-stress-bicycling-network-connectivity.pdf. Acesso em: 4 out. 2025.
MIRANDA, H. F. et al. Validação de um instrumento para caracterizar níveis de estresse em rotas cicláveis de uma cidade média brasileira. In: 8° Congresso Luso-Brasileiro para o Planejamento Urbano, Regional, Integrado e Sustentável, 2018, Coimbra (Portugal). Anais [...]. PLURIS. Disponível em: https://repositorio.usp.br/directbitstream/03312618-6975-4f87-a854-84abce75273f/sysno3172527_[Trab%20ev]%20Fr. Acesso em: 04 dez. 2024.
MONARI, M. Nível de estresse de ciclistas e geoprocessamento de dados abertos combinados para a definição de redes cicloviárias em cidades de pequeno porte. 2022. 195 p. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia de Transportes). Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, 2022.
MONARI, M.; SEGANTINE, P. C. L.; SILVA, I. Avaliação da usabilidade do MDE TOPODATA para mensurar a acessibilidade de ciclistas: um estudo de caso para uma cidade pequena. Revista Brasileira de Cartografia, v. 74, n. 3, p. 691-709, 2022. https://doi.org/10.14393/rbcv74n3-65117
MONARI, M. et al. Comparing distance-based and stress-based centralities to rank priority locations for cycling infrastructure investments in small-sized cities. TRANSPORTES, v. 32, n. 2, 2024. https://doi.org/10.58922/transportes.v32i1.2890
MORENO, C. et al. Introducing the “15-Minute City”: Sustainability, resilience and place identity in future post-pandemic cities. Smart Cities, v. 4, n. 1, p. 93-111, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4010006
PREFEITURA DE SÃO CARLOS. Plano de Mobilidade Urbana de São Carlos. São Carlos, 2023. Disponível em: http://mobilidadeurbana.saocarlos.sp.gov.br/. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2025.
RYBARCZYK, G. et al. Physiological responses to urban design during bicycling: A naturalistic investigation. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behavior, v. 68, p. 79-93, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2019.12.001
SANTOS, J. L. J.; SANTOS, L. E. P. F. dos. Planejamento e mobilidade urbana no Brasil: o uso da bicicleta como uma nova maneira de pensar e construir a cidade. Revista de Direito da Cidade, v. 14, n. 1, p. 113-137, 2022. https://doi.org/10.12957/rdc.2022.52895
TEIXEIRA, J. F. et al. Classifying 15-minute Cities: A review of worldwide practices. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, v. 189, p. 104234, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2024.104234
VALENZUELA, E. A. et al. Analyzing the behavior and growth of cycling in four north American cities before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Transportation Research Record, v. 2678, n. 12, p. 420-433, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231157396
VILLIBOR, D. F. et al. Pavimentos de Baixo Custo para Vias Urbanas. 2. ed. São Paulo: Arte & Ciência, 2009. 194 p.
WINTERS, M. et al. How Far Out the Way Will We Travel? Built Environmental Influences on Route Selection for Bicycle and Car Travel. Transportation Research Record, v. 2190, p. 1-10, 2010. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.3141/2190-01
ZEILE, P. et al. Urban Emotions and Cycling Experience–enriching traffic planning for cyclists with human sensor data. GI_Forum, v. 1, n. 2013, p. 204-216, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1553/giscience2016_01_s204
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Technology and Sustainable Management
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
