Ranking Tríade Educação-Água-Clima (ODS 4, ODS 6 e ODS 13) para os municípios de Alagoas
um índice composto orientado à resiliência socioambiental e à efetividade de políticas locais
Keywords:
Agenda 2030, Políticas Públicas Locais, Índices Compostos, Desenvolvimento Regional, AlagoasAbstract
Objetivo - Construir e validar um ranking composto (Índice-Tríade) para os municípios de Alagoas, baseado nas pontuações do IDSC-BR nos ODS 4, 6 e 13, identificando padrões de sinergia e trade-offs para orientar prioridades de política pública.
Metodologia - Pesquisa quantitativa exploratória. Utilizou-se a média trienal (2023-2025) dos escores do IDSC-BR para os 102 municípios alagoanos, calculando-se um índice composto agregado por média aritmética, associado a uma medida de dispersão interna (desvio-padrão) para evitar compensações espúrias.
Originalidade/relevância - Preenche a lacuna de estudos empíricos comparativos em escala subnacional no Nordeste brasileiro, utilizando métricas padronizadas para traduzir o desenvolvimento sustentável em tipologias acionáveis para a gestão pública.
Resultados - O ODS 13 apresentou melhor desempenho médio, o ODS 6 exibiu extrema heterogeneidade territorial e o ODS 4 configurou-se como o principal gargalo estrutural. Identificou-se sinergia estatística entre Educação e Saneamento, e desacoplamento entre Educação e Clima.
Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas - Proposição de um instrumento replicável de triagem territorial que combina o índice agregado (IT) com a dispersão interna (DP), reduzindo o risco de interpretações compensatórias em índices de sustentabilidade.
Contribuições sociais e ambientais - Produção de uma tipologia municipal (alto equilíbrio, desequilíbrio por gargalo e vulnerabilidade crítica) que fornece subsídios diretos para a alocação eficiente de recursos e formulação de políticas locais integradas.
References
Allen, C.; Metternicht, G.; Wiedmann, T. Initial progress in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): a review of evidence from countries. Sustainability Science, v. 13, n. 5, p. 1453-1467, 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s11625-018-0572-3.
Bennich, T.; Persson, A.; Beaussart, R.; et al. Recurring patterns of SDG interlinkages and how they can advance the 2030 Agenda. One Earth, v. 6, n. 11, p. 1465-1476, 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2023.10.008.
Biermann, F.; et al. Governance through Global Goals. In: Biermann, F.; Kim, R. E. (org.). Architectures of Earth System Governance: Institutional Complexity and Structural Transformation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. p. 254-274. DOI: 10.1017/9781108784641.012.
Blancas, F. J.; Contreras, I. Global SDG composite indicator: A new methodological proposal that combines compensatory and non-compensatory aggregations. Sustainable Development, v. 33, n. 1, p. 158-176, 2025. DOI: 10.1002/sd.3109.
Choi, H. I. Assessment of aggregation frameworks for composite indicators in measuring flood vulnerability to climate change. Scientific Reports, v. 9, art. 19371, 2019. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55994-y.
Clement, J.; Ruysschaert, B.; Crutzen, N. Smart city strategies: A driver for the localization of the sustainable development goals? Ecological Economics, v. 213, 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.107941.
Cutter, S. L.; Boruff, B. J.; Shirley, W. L. Social vulnerability to environmental hazards. Social Science Quarterly, v. 84, n. 2, p. 242-261, 2003. DOI: 10.1111/1540-6237.8402002.
Dang, H.-A. H.; Serajuddin, U. Tracking the Sustainable Development Goals: emerging measurement challenges and further reflections. World Development, v. 127, art. 104570, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.05.024.
Fukuda-Parr, S.; McNeill, D. Knowledge and Politics in Setting and Measuring the SDGs: Introduction to Special Issue. Global Policy, v. 10, supl. 1, p. 5-15, 2019. DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.12604.
Greco, S.; Ishizaka, A.; Tremblay, J.-F.; et al. On the methodological framework of composite indices: A review of the issues of weighting, aggregation and robustness. Social Indicators Research, v. 141, n. 1, p. 61-94, 2019. DOI: 10.1007/s11205-017-1832-9.
Guo, M.; et al. Normal workflow and key strategies for data cleaning toward real-world data: Viewpoint. Interactive Journal of Medical Research, v. 12, e44310, 2023. DOI: 10.2196/44310.
Hanushek, E. A.; Woessmann, L. The role of cognitive skills in economic development. Journal of Economic Literature, v. 46, n. 3, p. 607-668, 2008. DOI: 10.1257/jel.46.3.607.
Hegre, H.; Petrova, K.; Von Uexkull, N. Synergies and trade-offs in reaching the Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability, v. 12, n. 20, art. 8729, 2020. DOI: 10.3390/su12208729.
Instituto Cidades Sustentáveis; Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN). O Índice de Desenvolvimento Sustentável das Cidades Brasil (IDSC-BR). São Paulo; Paris: Instituto Cidades Sustentáveis, SDSN, 2021. Acesso em: 14 fev. 2026.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022.
Jacob, B. A.; Rothstein, J. The measurement of student ability in modern assessment systems. Journal of Economic Perspectives, v. 30, n. 3, p. 85-108, 2016. DOI: 10.1257/jep.30.3.85.
Kates, R. W.; Clark, W. C.; Corell, R.; et al. Environment and development: Sustainability science. Science, v. 292, n. 5517, p. 641-642, 2001. DOI: 10.1126/science.1059386.
Kelemen, A.; et al. A sensitivity analysis of composite indicators: Min/max thresholds. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, v. 23, art. 100453, 2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.indic.2024.100453.
Kostetckaia, M.; Hametner, M. How Sustainable Development Goals interlinkages influence European Union countries' progress towards the 2030 Agenda. Sustainable Development, v. 30, n. 5, p. 916-926, 2022. DOI: 10.1002/sd.2290.
Kroll, C.; Warchold, A.; Pradhan, P. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Are we successful in turning trade-offs into synergies? Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, v. 5, p. 1-11, 2019. DOI: 10.1057/s41599-019-0335-5.
Kuc-Czarnecka, M.; Markowicz, I.; Sompolska-Rzechuła, A. SDGs implementation, their synergies, and trade-offs in EU countries: Sensitivity analysis-based approach. Ecological Indicators, v. 146, art. 109888, 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.109888.
Leavesley, A.; Trundle, A.; Oke, C. Cities and the SDGs: Realities and possibilities of local engagement in global frameworks. Ambio, v. 51, p. 1416-1432, 2022. DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01714-2.
Li, S.; et al. Localizing urban SDGs indicators for an integrated assessment of urban sustainability: a case study of Hainan province. International Journal of Digital Earth, 2024. DOI: 10.1080/17538947.2024.2336059.
Ma, L.; et al. Divergent development trajectories of nations in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Communications, v. 16, art. 1, 2025. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56076-6.
Mangukiya, R. D.; Sklarew, D. M. Analyzing three pillars of sustainable development goals at sub-national scales within the USA. World Development Sustainability, v. 2, art. 100058, 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.wds.2023.100058.
Mazziotta, M.; Pareto, A. Normalization methods for spatio-temporal analysis of environmental performance: Revisiting the Min-Max method. Environmetrics, v. 33, n. 5, e2730, 2022. DOI: 10.1002/env.2730.
Miola, A.; Schiltz, F. Measuring sustainable development goals performance: How to monitor policy action in the 2030 Agenda implementation? Ecological Economics, v. 164, art. 106373, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106373.
Monteiro Neto, A. Desigualdades regionais no Brasil: características e tendências recentes. Boletim Regional, Urbano e Ambiental, n. 9, p. 67-82, 2014.
Moreira, J. S. S.; Azzoni, C. R.; Menezes-Filho, N. A. Sanitation conditions and education outcomes in Brazilian municipalities. Sustainable Development, v. 32, n. 3, p. 1987-2000, 2024. DOI: 10.1002/sd.2754.
Munda, G.; Nardo, M. Non-compensatory composite indicators for ranking countries: A defensible setting. Applied Economics, v. 41, n. 12, p. 1513-1523, 2009. DOI: 10.1080/00036840601019364.
Nardo, M.; et al. Handbook on constructing composite indicators: methodology and user guide. Paris: OECD; European Commission Joint Research Centre, 2005.
Nilsson, M.; Griggs, D.; Visbeck, M. Policy: Map the interactions between Sustainable Development Goals. Nature, v. 534, n. 7607, p. 320-322, 2016. DOI: 10.1038/534320a.
OECD. A territorial approach to the Sustainable Development Goals. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2020.
OECD; Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN); European Committee of the Regions (COR). Localising the SDGs in a changing landscape. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2024.
Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Resolução A/RES/70/1, 21 out. 2015. Disponível em: https://www.refworld.org/legal/resolution/unga/2015/en/111816. Acesso em: 4 abr. 2026.
Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD). Relatório do Desenvolvimento Humano 2025: Uma questão de escolha: pessoas e possibilidades na era da IA. Nova Iorque: PNUD, 2025.
Perry, B.; Diprose, K.; Buck, N.; Simon, D. Localizing the SDGs in England: Challenges and value propositions for local government. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, v. 3, 2021. DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2021.746337.
Pradhan, P. Antagonists to meeting the 2030 Agenda. Nature Sustainability, v. 2, p. 171-172, 2019. DOI: 10.1038/s41893-019-0248-8.
Pradhan, P.; Costa, L.; Rybski, D.; Kropp, J. P. A systematic study of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) interactions. Earth's Future, v. 5, n. 11, p. 1169-1179, 2017. DOI: 10.1002/2017EF000632.
Reddy, P. S. Localising the sustainable development goals (SDGs): the role of local government in context. African Journal of Public Affairs, v. 9, n. 2, p. 1-15, 2016.
Sachs, J. D. From millennium development goals to sustainable development goals. The Lancet, v. 379, n. 9832, p. 2206-2211, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60685-0.
Sachs, J. D.; et al. Sustainable Development Report 2020: The Sustainable Development Goals and COVID-19. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. DOI: 10.1017/9781108992411.
Saisana, M.; Saltelli, A.; Tarantola, S. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis techniques as tools for the quality assessment of composite indicators. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A, v. 168, n. 2, p. 307-323, 2005. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-985X.2005.00350.x.
Scarpellini, S.; Marín-Vinuesa, L. M.; Aranda-Usón, A.; Portillo-Tarragona, P. Dynamic capabilities and environmental accounting for the circular economy in businesses. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, v. 11, n. 7, p. 1129-1158, 2020. DOI: 10.1108/SAMPJ-04-2019-0150.
Schmidt-Traub, G.; Kroll, C.; Teksoz, K.; Durand-Delacre, D.; Sachs, J. D. National baselines for the Sustainable Development Goals assessed in the SDG Index and Dashboards. Nature Geoscience, v. 10, p. 547-555, 2021. DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2985.
Scriptore, J. S.; Azzoni, C. R. A spatial estimation of the impacts of sanitation on education. Regional Science Policy & Practice, v. 12, n. 1, p. 159-166, 2020. DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12136.
Silva, V. T. A logística reversa de embalagens plásticas de óleos lubrificantes no estado de Alagoas. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária) – Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, 2024.
Soares, J. G.; Lima, C. A. de; Junkes, J. A. Desafios da universalização do saneamento em Alagoas: impactos do novo marco legal na infraestrutura básica. Revista Políticas Públicas & Cidades, v. 14, n. 6, e2384, 2025. DOI: 10.23900/2359-1552v14n6-34-2025.
Talukder, B.; et al. Developing composite indicators for agricultural sustainability assessment: Effect of normalization and aggregation techniques. Resources, v. 6, n. 4, art. 66, 2017. DOI: 10.3390/resources6040066.
UNICEF. WASH in schools. 2024. Disponível em: https://data.unicef.org/topic/water-and-sanitation/wash-in-schools/. Acesso em: 17 fev. 2026.
UNDP. Challenges in reporting progress on the 2030 Agenda at local levels. New York: UNDP, 2023. Acesso em: 14 fev. 2026.
van Zanten, J. A.; van Tulder, R. Towards nexus-based governance: defining interactions between economic activities and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, v. 28, n. 3, p. 210-226, 2021. DOI: 10.1080/13504509.2020.1768452.
Xiao, H.; Liu, Y.; Ren, J. Synergies and trade-offs across sustainable development goals: A novel method incorporating indirect interactions analysis. Sustainable Development, v. 31, n. 2, p. 1135-1148, 2023. DOI: 10.1002/sd.2446.
Zhou, P.; Ang, B. W.; Poh, K. L. Comparing aggregating methods for constructing the composite environmental index: An objective measure. Ecological Economics, v. 59, n. 3, p. 305-311, 2006. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.10.018.
Zhou, P.; et al. Data aggregation in constructing composite indicators: A perspective of information loss. Expert Systems with Applications, v. 37, p. 360-365, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2009.05.039.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Scientific Journal ANAP
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
