Refuerzo de albañilerías no armadas
Una revisión sistemática de los incrementos de desempeño mecánico y las limitaciones de los sistemas de refuerzo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17271/23188472149120266364Palabras clave:
Albañilería no armada, Refuerzo estructural, Resistencia al cortante, Revisión sistemática de la literaturaResumen
Objetivo – Analizar de forma sistemática las técnicas de refuerzo aplicadas a la albañilería no armada, con énfasis en los incrementos de resistencia mecánica, especialmente a compresión y cortante, así como en las limitaciones asociadas a los distintos sistemas de refuerzo descritos en la literatura científica.
Metodología – Se llevó a cabo una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura, estructurada a partir de un protocolo de búsqueda definido, criterios claros de inclusión y exclusión y la aplicación del método PRISMA para la selección de los estudios. Los artículos seleccionados fueron analizados según el tipo de albañilería, la técnica de refuerzo empleada, la configuración experimental, los incrementos porcentuales de resistencia y las limitaciones reportadas.
Originalidad/Relevancia – El estudio aborda un vacío relevante en la literatura al sistematizar de manera comparativa los incrementos de desempeño mecánico y las limitaciones técnicas de los principales sistemas de refuerzo aplicados a la albañilería no armada, permitiendo una evaluación crítica integrada de su eficacia estructural y aplicabilidad práctica.
Resultados – Los resultados indican que los mayores incrementos de resistencia se asocian predominantemente a solicitaciones de cortante en el plano, especialmente en sistemas basados en morteros reforzados con textiles o fibras, como TRM y FRCM, con incrementos que frecuentemente superan el doscientos por ciento. Los aumentos de resistencia a compresión fueron más moderados y se relacionaron principalmente con mecanismos de confinamiento. Las limitaciones más recurrentes incluyen variabilidad del desempeño, fallas prematuras en la interfaz refuerzo–sustrato, incompatibilidades químicas y restricciones de aplicación en edificaciones históricas.
Contribuciones Teóricas/Metodológicas – La investigación consolida un marco comparativo que relaciona desempeño mecánico y limitaciones técnicas de los sistemas de refuerzo, además de evidenciar la necesidad de modelos de dimensionamiento más adecuados para sistemas con matrices inorgánicas.
Contribuciones Sociales y Ambientales – Los hallazgos respaldan la selección de soluciones de refuerzo más compatibles con edificaciones existentes y patrimoniales, promoviendo intervenciones
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