Two extremes of the same world

territorial analysis of the distribution of public squares in dichotomous sectors of Palmas-TO

Abstract

Objective – to analyze the quantity and distribution of public squares in two socioeconomically dichotomous urban sectors of Palmas, in order to compare the supply of accessible leisure spaces for two distinct social groups.

Methodology – the study adopted a quantitative-qualitative exploratory approach. Mathematical calculations were carried out, and geoprocessing tools in ArcGIS software were used, applying density analyses, relative distances, coverage radii (buffers), and Thiessen polygons. The analyzed zones were defined based on census criteria of income and urban consolidation.

Originality/Relevance – the research contributes to the debate on socio-spatial inequality by combining territorial analysis methods with the theme of equitable access to public open spaces for leisure. It addresses the gap in empirical studies focused on medium-sized Brazilian cities, which are still underexplored in both national and international literature, as well as in discussions on planned cities.

Results – The results revealed a strong disparity between the zones: Zone 01 (high income) presented a greater quantity, area, and distribution of squares, while Zone 02 (low income) had only one square, insufficient to meet its population’s needs. The convergence of the applied methods reinforces the characterization of a territory with a shortage of squares in the analyzed periphery.

Theoretical/Methodological Contributions – The study demonstrates the applicability of geoprocessing metrics for assessing territorial equity in open space systems, offering a replicable approach in other Brazilian cities.

Social and Environmental Contributions – The findings reinforce the need for public policies that prioritize the expansion of the network of squares in vulnerable areas, increasing free access to leisure, strengthening social cohesion, and promoting environmental benefits.