Economic and Environmental Determinants of Human Development

A Panel Data Analysis of the 30 Largest Economies from 1992 to 2022

Authors

  • Willian dos Santos Flores Federal University of Grande Dourados image/svg+xml
  • Gabriela Vilela dos Santos Mantovani Federal University of Grande Dourados image/svg+xml
  • Paulo Henrique de Oliveira Hoeckel Federal University of Grande Dourados image/svg+xml
  • Jonathan Gonçalves da Silva Federal University of Grande Dourados image/svg+xml
  • Clandio Favarini Ruviaro Federal University of Grande Dourados image/svg+xml

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17271/1980082721220256158

Keywords:

Human Development, Economic Sustainability, Environmental Conservation, Sustainable Agriculture, Panel Data

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to analyze the economic and environmental determinants of human development in the world’s largest economies between 1992 and 2022, exploring the factors influencing the Human Development Index (HDI).

Methodology: The research employs a panel data model, using HDI as the dependent variable and independent variables such as GDP per capita, agricultural machinery, agricultural productivity, environmental conservation (forest area), among others.

Originality/relevance: This study addresses a theoretical gap by integrating economic and environmental factors into a comprehensive analysis of human development, highlighting the interplay between sustainability and economic growth.

Results: The findings reveal that GDP per capita, agricultural machinery use, agricultural productivity, environmental conservation, and rural electricity access positively impact HDI. Conversely, intensive and unsustainable agricultural practices, such as excessive fertilizer use and high potable water withdrawal, negatively affect human development.

Theoretical/methodological contributions: This research strengthens theories advocating for sustainable agricultural practices and basic infrastructure as key determinants of human development.

Social and environmental contributions: The findings underscore the importance of public policies balancing economic growth and environmental sustainability to achieve equitable human development.

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Published

30-12-2025

Issue

Vol. 21 No. 2 (2025): Edition in Portuguese and English

Section

Full Article

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Electronic Journal "Fórum Ambiental da Alta Paulista"

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

FLORES, Willian dos Santos; MANTOVANI, Gabriela Vilela dos Santos; HOECKEL, Paulo Henrique de Oliveira; SILVA, Jonathan Gonçalves da; RUVIARO, Clandio Favarini. Economic and Environmental Determinants of Human Development: A Panel Data Analysis of the 30 Largest Economies from 1992 to 2022. Electronic Journal "Fórum Ambiental da Alta Paulista", [S. l.], v. 21, n. 2, 2025. DOI: 10.17271/1980082721220256158. Disponível em: https://publicacoes.amigosdanatureza.org.br/index.php/forum_ambiental/article/view/6158. Acesso em: 17 jan. 2026.